1.
|
Wang C and Crapo LM: The epidemiology of
thyroid disease and implications for screening. Endocrinol Metab
Clin North Am. 26:189–218. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
2.
|
Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD,
Hannon WH, Gunter EW, Spencer CA and Braverman LE: Serum TSH, T(4),
and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to
1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES
III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 87:489–499. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
3.
|
Chen XWW, Chen GL, Zhang KZ, Zhang FL, et
al: The effect of salt iodization for 10 years on the prevalences
of endemic goiter and hyperthyroidism. Chin J Endocrinol Metab.
18:342–344. 2000.
|
4.
|
Onodera T and Awaya A: Anti-thyroglobulin
antibodies induced with recombinant reovirus infection in BALB/c
mice. Immunology. 71:581–585. 1990.PubMed/NCBI
|
5.
|
Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Christensen K and
Hegedus L: Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves’
disease: a population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86:930–934. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
6.
|
Yanagawa T, Taniyama M, Enomoto S, Gomi K,
Maruyama H, Ban Y and Saruta T: CTLA4 gene polymorphism confers
susceptibility to Graves’ disease in Japanese. Thyroid. 7:843–846.
1997.
|
7.
|
Marron MP, Raffel LJ, Garchon HJ, et al:
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with CTLA4
polymorphisms in multiple ethnic groups. Hum Mol Genet.
6:1275–1282. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
8.
|
Donner H, Rau H, Walfish PG, et al: CTLA4
alanine-17 confers genetic susceptibility to Graves’ disease and to
type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:143–146.
1997.
|
9.
|
Veeramuthumari P, Isabel W and Kannan K: A
Study on the level of T(3), T(4), TSH and the association of A/G
polymorphism with CTLA-4 gene in Graves’ hyperthyroidism among
South Indian population. Ind J Clin Biochem. 26:66–69.
2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
10.
|
Zhao SX, Pan CM, Cao HM, et al:
Association of the CTLA4 gene with Graves’ disease in the Chinese
Han population. PloS One. 5:e98212010.
|
11.
|
Kimura H, Kato Y, Shimizu S, Takano K and
Sato K: Association of polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of the
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated factor 4 gene with Graves’
disease refractory to medical treatment, but not with
amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid. 19:975–981.
2009.
|
12.
|
Khalilzadeh O, Mojazi Amiri H, Tahvildari
M, et al: Pretibial myxedema is associated with polymorphism in
exon 1 of CTLA-4 gene in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Arch
Dermatol Res. 301:719–723. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
|
13.
|
Esteghamati A, Khalilzadeh O, Mobarra Z,
et al: Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with Graves’ disease
and ophthalmopathy in Iranian patients. Eur J Intern Med.
20:424–428. 2009.
|
14.
|
Chong KK, Chiang SW, Wong GW, et al:
Association of CTLA-4 and IL-13 gene polymorphisms with Graves’
disease and ophthalmopathy in Chinese children. Invest Ophthalmol
Vis Sci. 49:2409–2415. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
15.
|
Wang PW, Chen IY, Liu RT, Hsieh CJ, Hsi E
and Juo SH: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 gene
polymorphism and hyperthyroid Graves’ disease relapse after
antithyroid drug withdrawal: a follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 92:2513–2518. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
16.
|
Zhang Q, Yang YM and Lv XY: Association of
Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy with the polymorphisms
in promoter and exon 1 of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated
antigen-4 gene. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 7:887–891. 2006.
|
17.
|
Tanrikulu S, Erbil Y, Ademoglu E, et al:
The predictive value of CTLA-4 and Tg polymorphisms in the
recurrence of Graves’ disease after antithyroid withdrawal.
Endocrine. 30:377–381. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
|
18.
|
Han SZ, Zhang SH, Li R, Zhang WY and Li Y:
The common −318C/T polymorphism in the promoter region of CTLA4
gene is associated with reduced risk of ophthalmopathy in Chinese
Graves’ patients. Int J Immunogenet. 33:281–287. 2006.
|
19.
|
Sahin M, Erdogan MF and Erdogan G:
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 polymorphisms in
Turkish Graves’ disease patients and association with probability
of remission after antithyroid therapy. Eur J Intern Med.
16:352–355. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
|
20.
|
Petrone A, Giorgi G, Galgani A, et al:
CT60 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene region is associated with
Graves’ disease in an Italian population. Thyroid. 15:232–238.
2005.
|
21.
|
Wang PW, Liu RT, Juo SH, et al: Cytotoxic
T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 polymorphism and relapse of
Graves’ hyperthyroidism after antithyroid withdrawal. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 89:169–173. 2004.
|
22.
|
Nakkash-Chmaisse H, Makki RF, Abdelhamid
E, Fakhoury H, Salti NN and Salti I: CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and
its association with Graves’ disease in the Lebanese population.
Eur J Immunogenet. 31:141–143. 2004.
|
23.
|
Vaidya B, Oakes EJ, Imrie H, Dickinson AJ,
Perros P, Kendall-Taylor P and Pearce SH: CTLA4 gene and Graves’
disease: association of Graves’ disease with the CTLA4 exon 1 and
intron 1 polymorphisms, but not with the promoter polymorphism.
Clin Endocrinol. 58:732–735. 2003.
|
24.
|
Mochizuki M, Amemiya S, Kobayashi K, et
al: Association of the CTLA-4 gene 49A/G polymorphism with type 1
diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease in Japanese children.
Diabetes Care. 26:843–847. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
25.
|
Kalantari T, Mostafavi H, Pezeshki AM,
Farjadian S, Doroudchi M, Yeganeh F and Ghaderi A: Exon-1
polymorphism of ctla-4 gene in Iranian patients with Graves’
disease. Autoimmunity. 36:313–316. 2003.
|
26.
|
Bednarczuk T, Hiromatsu Y, Fukutani T,
Jazdzewski K, Miskiewicz P, Osikowska M and Nauman J: Association
of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene
polymorphism and non-genetic factors with Graves’ ophthalmopathy in
European and Japanese populations. European J Endocrinol.
148:13–18. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
|
27.
|
Yung E, Cheng PS, Fok TF and Wong GW:
CTLA-4 gene A-G polymorphism and childhood Graves’ disease. Clin
Endocrinol. 56:649–653. 2002.
|
28.
|
Kouki T, Gardine CA, Yanagawa T and
Degroot LJ: Relation of three polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene in
patients with Graves’ disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 25:208–213.
2002.PubMed/NCBI
|
29.
|
Kinjo Y, Takasu N, Komiya I, et al:
Remission of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and A/G polymorphism at
position 49 in exon 1 of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated
molecule-4 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 87:2593–2596. 2002.
|
30.
|
Hadj Kacem H, Bellassoued M,
Bougacha-Elleuch N, Abid M and Ayadi H: CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms
in Tunisian patients with Graves’ disease. Clin Immunol.
101:361–365. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
31.
|
Park YJ, Chung HK, Park DJ, Kim WB, Kim
SW, Koh JJ and Cho BY: Polymorphism in the promoter and exon 1 of
the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene associated with
autoimmune thyroid disease in Koreans. Thyroid. 10:453–459.
2000.PubMed/NCBI
|
32.
|
Kouki T, Sawai Y, Gardine CA, Fisfalen ME,
Alegre ML and DeGroot LJ: CTLA-4 gene polymorphism at position 49
in exon 1 reduces the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 and contributes
to the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease. J Immunol. 165:6606–6611.
2000.PubMed/NCBI
|
33.
|
Chistyakov DA, Savost’anov KV, Turakulov
RI, et al: Complex association analysis of Graves disease using a
set of polymorphic markers. Mol Genet Metab. 70:214–218. 2000.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
34.
|
Heward JM, Allahabadia A, Armitage M, et
al: The development of Graves’ disease and the CTLA-4 gene on
chromosome 2q33. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:2398–2401. 1999.
|
35.
|
Braun J, Donner H, Siegmund T, Walfish PG,
Usadel KH and Badenhoop K: CTLA-4 promoter variants in patients
with Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Tissue Antigens.
51:563–566. 1998.
|
36.
|
Awata T, Kurihara S, Iitaka M, et al:
Association of CTLA-4 gene A-G polymorphism (IDDM12 locus) with
acute-onset and insulin-depleted IDDM as well as autoimmune thyroid
disease (Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) in the
Japanese population. Diabetes. 47:128–129. 1998.PubMed/NCBI
|
37.
|
Kimkong I, Nakkuntod J, Sae-Ngow S,
Snabboon T, Avihingsanon Y and Hirankarn N: Association between
CTLA-4 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to systemic lupus
erythematosus and Graves’ disease in Thai population. Asian Pac J
Allergy Immunol. 29:229–235. 2011.
|
38.
|
Namo Cury A, Longui CA, Kochi C, et al:
Graves’ disease in Brazilian children and adults: lack of genetic
association with CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism. Horm Res. 70:36–41.
2008.
|
39.
|
Cho HJ, Chung JH, Kim IS, Kim HJ, Cho SH,
Ki CS and Kim JW: Lack of a genetic association between the CTLA-4
gene and Graves’ disease in Koreans. Thyroid. 16:237–241. 2006.
|
40.
|
Weng YC, Wu MJ and Lin WS: CT60 single
nucleotide polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene is associated with
susceptibility to Graves’ disease in the Taiwanese population. Ann
Clin Lab Sci. 35:259–264. 2005.
|
41.
|
Iwama S, Ikezaki A, Kikuoka N, et al:
Association of HLA-DR, -DQ genotype and CTLA-4 gene polymorphism
with Graves’ disease in Japanese children. Horm Res. 63:55–60.
2005.PubMed/NCBI
|
42.
|
Frydecka I, Daroszewski J, Suwalska K, et
al: CTLA-4 (CD152) gene polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 in
Graves’ disease in a Polish population of the Lower Silesian
region. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 52:369–374. 2004.
|
43.
|
Allahabadia A, Heward JM, Nithiyananthan
R, et al: MHC class II region, CTLA4 gene, and ophthalmopathy in
patients with Graves’ disease. Lancet. 358:984–985. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
44.
|
Villanueva R, Inzerillo AM, Tomer Y, et
al: Limited genetic susceptibility to severe Graves’
ophthalmopathy: no role for CTLA-4 but evidence for an
environmental etiology. Thyroid. 10:791–798. 2000.
|
45.
|
Chen QY, Nadell D, Zhang XY, et al: The
human leukocyte antigen HLA
DRB3*020/DQA1*0501 haplotype is associated
with Graves’ disease in African Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
85:1545–1549. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
|
46.
|
Djilali-Saiah I, Larger E,
Harfouch-Hammoud E, et al: No major role for the CTLA-4 gene in the
association of autoimmune thyroid disease with IDDM. Diabetes.
47:125–127. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
47.
|
DerSimonian R and Laird N: Meta-analysis
in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 7:177–188. 1986.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
48.
|
Mantel N and Haenszel W: Statistical
aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of
disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 22:719–748. 1959.PubMed/NCBI
|
49.
|
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M and
Minder C: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical
test. BMJ. 315:629–634. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
50.
|
Schneider H, Downey J, Smith A, et al:
Reversal of the TCR stop signal by CTLA-4. Science. 313:1972–1975.
2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|