Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 5 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 5 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract

  • Authors:
    • Ching S. Tham
    • Srikumar Chakravarthi
    • Nagaraja Haleagrahara
    • Ranjit De Alwis
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Faculty of Physiology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Pages: 648-652
    |
    Published online on: December 5, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lead causes damage to the body by inducing oxidative stress. The sites of damage include the bone marrow, where marrow hypoplasia and osteosclerosis may be observed. Leaves of Carica papaya, which have antioxidant and haemopoietic properties, were tested against the effect of lead acetate in experimental rats. The rats were divided into 8 groups; control, lead acetate only, Carica papaya (50 mg and 200 mg), post‑treatment with Carica papaya (50 mg and 200 mg) following lead acetate administration and pre‑treatment with Carica papaya (50 mg and 200 mg) followed by lead acetate administration. The substances were administered for 14 days. The effects were evaluated by measuring protein carbonyl content (PCC) and glutathione content (GC) in the bone marrow. Histological changes in the bone marrow were also observed. The results showed that Carica papaya induced a significant reduction in the PCC activity and significantly increased the GC in the bone marrow. Carica papaya also improved the histology of the bone marrow compared with that of the lead acetate‑treated group. In summary, Carica papaya was effective against the oxidative damage caused by lead acetate in the bone marrow and had a stimulatory effect on haemopoiesis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1. 

Bellinger DC: Very low lead exposures and children’s neurodevelopment. Curr Opin Pediatr. 20:172–177. 2008.

2. 

El-Nekeety AA, El-Kady AA, Soliman MS, Hassan NS and Abdel-Wahhab MA: Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris (L.) against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 47:2209–2215. 2009.

3. 

Sivaprasad R, Nagaraj M and Varalakshmi P: Combined efficacies of lipoic acid and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. J Nutr Biochem. 15:18–23. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Bradberry S and Vale A: Lead. Medicine. 31:56–57. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

5. 

Lee KH, Chen YS, Judson JP, Chakravarthi S, Sim YM and Er HM: The effect of water extracts of Euphorbia hirta on cartilage degeneration in arthritic rats. Malays J Pathol. 30:95–102. 2008.

6. 

Haleagrahara N, Chakravarthi S, Kulur AB and Radhakrishnan A: Effects of chronic lead acetate exposure on bone marrow lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats. AJPP. 5:923–929. 2011.

7. 

Haw KY, Chakravarthi S, Haleagrahara N and Rao M: Effects of Etlingera elatior extracts on lead acetate-induced testicular damage: A morphological and biochemical study. Exp Ther Med. 3:99–104. 2012.

8. 

Jackie T, Haleagrahara H and Chakravarthi S: Antioxidant effects of Etlingera elatior flower extract against lead acetate-induced perturbations in free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats. BMC Res Notes. 4:672011.

9. 

Owoyele BV, Adebukola OM, Funmilayo AA and Soladoye AO: Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves. Inflammopharmacology. 16:168–173. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S and Morimoto C: Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 127:760–767. 2010.

11. 

Seigler DS, Pauli GF, Nahrstedt A and Leen R: Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya. Phytochemistry. 60:873–882. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Sathasivam K, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Haris MR and Wernsdorfer WH: Thrombocyte counts in mice after the administration of papaya leaf suspension. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 121(Suppl 3): 19–22. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Ahmad N, Fazal H, Ayaz M, Abbasi BH, Mohammad I and Fazal L: Dengue fever treatment with Carica papaya leaves extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 330–333. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

14. 

Adonaylo VN and Oteiza PI: Lead intoxication: antioxidant defences and oxidative damage in rat brain. Toxicology. 135:77–85. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15. 

Upasani CD, Khera A and Balaraman R: Effect of lead with Vitamins E, C, or Spirulina on malondialdehyde: conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 39:70–74. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Sharma V, Sharma A and Kansal L: The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 48:928–936. 2010.

17. 

Reznick AZ, Cross CE, Hu ML, et al: Modification of plasma proteins by cigarette smoke as measured by protein carbonyl formation. Biochem J. 286:607–611. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Haleagrahara N, Jackie T, Chakravarthi S, Rao M and Pasupathi T: Protective effects of Etlingera elatior extract on lead acetate-induced, changes in oxidative biomarkers in bone marrow of rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 48:2688–2694. 2010.

19. 

Indran M, Mahmood AA and Kuppusamy UR: Protective effect of Carica papaya L leaf extract against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and blood oxidative stress in rats. West Indian Med J. 57:323–326. 2008.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tham CS, Chakravarthi S, Haleagrahara N and De Alwis R: Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract. Exp Ther Med 5: 648-652, 2013.
APA
Tham, C.S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., & De Alwis, R. (2013). Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5, 648-652. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
MLA
Tham, C. S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., De Alwis, R."Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5.2 (2013): 648-652.
Chicago
Tham, C. S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., De Alwis, R."Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5, no. 2 (2013): 648-652. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tham CS, Chakravarthi S, Haleagrahara N and De Alwis R: Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract. Exp Ther Med 5: 648-652, 2013.
APA
Tham, C.S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., & De Alwis, R. (2013). Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5, 648-652. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
MLA
Tham, C. S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., De Alwis, R."Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5.2 (2013): 648-652.
Chicago
Tham, C. S., Chakravarthi, S., Haleagrahara, N., De Alwis, R."Morphological study of bone marrow to assess the effects of lead acetate on haemopoiesis and aplasia and the ameliorating role of Carica papaya extract". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5, no. 2 (2013): 648-652. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.851
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team