Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
2014-April Volume 7 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
2014-April Volume 7 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats

Retraction in: /10.3892/etm.2023.12266
  • Authors:
    • Luyuan Yu
    • Lei Sun
    • Suli Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, Haidian Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100080, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Coal General Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing 100028, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Fengtai, Beijing 100076, P.R. China
  • Pages: 821-826
    |
    Published online on: January 24, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1501
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common in elderly patients. Senegenin, an active component of extracts from Polygala tenuifolia root, a traditional Chinese medicine, has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of senegenin against postoperative cognitive impairment in elderly individuals has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of senegenin on the cognitive functions of elderly rats with splenectomy‑induced POCD. Results from a Morris water maze test suggested that splenectomy induced a transient cognitive deficiency in the elderly rats; however, when the rats were treated with senegenin, the cognitive impairment was notably attenuated. Further experiments showed that senegenin significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of several key pro‑inflammatory cytokines, specifically, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6 and IL‑8, in the hippocampal tissues of elderly rats following splenectomy. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism involved, the expression and activity of the Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway was assessed. On day 1 postoperatively, it was observed that senegenin markedly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain‑containing adaptor‑inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 and inhibitor of NF‑κB (IκBα) were also decreased following senegenin treatment on the first day subsequent to surgery. These results suggest that senegenin suppressed splenectomy‑induced transient cognitive impairment in elderly rats, possibly by downregulating two signaling pathways involved in inflammation, TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and TLR4/TRIF/NF‑κB, to further inhibit the expression of key pro‑inflammatory cytokines, specifically, TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑8, and ultimately the neuroinflammation in the hippocampal tissues. In conclusion, the present study revealed that senegenin exhibited neuroprotective effects against splenectomy‑induced transient cognitive impairment in elderly rats, which indicated that senegenin may be a promising agent for the treatment of POCD.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Coburn M, Fahlenkamp A, Zoremba N and Schaelte G: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Incidence and prophylaxis. Anaesthesist. 59:177–185. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Deiner S and Silverstein JH: Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 103(Suppl 1): i41–i46. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hu Z, Ou Y, Duan K and Jiang X: Inflammation: a bridge between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses. 74:722–724. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Rosczyk HA, Sparkman NL and Johnson RW: Neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aged mice following minor surgery. Exp Gerontol. 43:840–846. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Terrando N, Monaco C, Ma D, Foxwell BM, Feldmann M and Maze M: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:20518–20522. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Teeling JL and Perry VH: Systemic infection and inflammation in acute CNS injury and chronic neurodegeneration: underlying mechanisms. Neuroscience. 158:1062–1073. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Park CH, Choi SH, Koo JW, et al: Novel cognitive improving and neuroprotective activities of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow extract, BT-11. J Neurosci Res. 70:484–492. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ikeya Y, Takeda S, Tunakawa M, et al: Cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects of acylated oligosaccharides in Polygala tenuifolia. Biol Pharm Bull. 27:1081–1085. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Xie W, Yang Y, Gu X, et al: Senegenin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion induced cognitive dysfunction by increasing hippocampal NR2B expression in rats. PLoS One. 7:e455752012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

DiDonato JA, Mercurio F and Karin M: NF-κB and the link between inflammation and cancer. Immunol Rev. 246:379–400. 2012.

11 

Hartholt KA, van der Cammen TJ and Klimek M: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 45:411–416. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Shin KY, Lee JY, Won BY, et al: BT-11 is effective for enhancing cognitive functions in the elderly humans. Neurosci Lett. 465:157–159. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lee JY, Kim KY, Shin KY, Won BY, Jung HY and Suh YH: Effects of BT-11 on memory in healthy humans. Neurosci Lett. 454:111–114. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Haseneder R, Kochs E and Jungwirth B: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Possible neuronal mechanisms and practical consequences for clinical routine. Anaesthesist. 61:437–443. 2012.(In German).

15 

Hua F, Ma J, Ha T, et al: Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling contributes to hippocampal neuronal death following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. J Neuroimmunol. 190:101–111. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Barrientos RM, Hein AM, Frank MG, Watkins LR and Maier SF: Intracisternal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents postoperative cognitive decline and neuroinflammatory response in aged rats. J Neurosci. 32:14641–14648. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Crack PJ and Bray PJ: Toll-like receptors in the brain and their potential roles in neuropathology. Immunol Cell Biol. 85:476–480. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Okun E, Griffioen KJ, Lathia JD, Tang SC, Mattson MP and Arumugam TV: Toll-like receptors in neurodegeneration. Brain Res Rev. 59:278–292. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sohn KH, Jo MJ, Cho WJ, et al: Bojesodok-eum, a herbal prescription, ameliorates acute inflammation in association with the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine production. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012:4573702012.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Cortez M, Carmo LS, Rogero MM, Borelli P and Fock RA: A high-fat diet increases IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α production by increasing NF-κB and attenuating PPAR-γ expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Inflammation. 36:379–386. 2013.

21 

Iwai K: Diverse ubiquitin signaling in NF-κB activation. Trends Cell Biol. 22:355–364. 2012.

22 

Dyson HJ and Komives EA: Role of disorder in IκB-NFκB interaction. IUBMB Life. 64:499–505. 2012.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu L, Sun L and Chen S: Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266. Exp Ther Med 7: 821-826, 2014.
APA
Yu, L., Sun, L., & Chen, S. (2014). Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 7, 821-826. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1501
MLA
Yu, L., Sun, L., Chen, S."Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 7.4 (2014): 821-826.
Chicago
Yu, L., Sun, L., Chen, S."Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 7, no. 4 (2014): 821-826. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1501
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu L, Sun L and Chen S: Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266. Exp Ther Med 7: 821-826, 2014.
APA
Yu, L., Sun, L., & Chen, S. (2014). Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 7, 821-826. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1501
MLA
Yu, L., Sun, L., Chen, S."Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 7.4 (2014): 821-826.
Chicago
Yu, L., Sun, L., Chen, S."Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12266". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 7, no. 4 (2014): 821-826. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1501
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team