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Article

TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells

  • Authors:
    • Yan Wang
    • De‑jian Qian
    • Wen‑yu Zhong
    • Jun‑hong  Lu
    • Xiang‑kai Guo
    • Yi‑lin Cao
    • Ju Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Plastic Surgery, Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
  • Pages: 52-58
    |
    Published online on: May 19, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1721
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Abstract

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into endothelial cells in response to stimuli from extracellular cytokines. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 signaling is involved in stem cell renewal and vascular development. Previously, human ESCs were isolated from inner cell mass and a stable ESC line was developed. In the present study, the effects of extracellular TGF‑β1 were investigated on human ESC‑derived embryoid bodies (EB) in suspension. The structures of the EBs were analyzed with light and electron microscopy, while the cellular composition of the EBs was examined via the expression levels of specific markers. Vascular‑like tubular structures and cardiomyocyte‑like beating cells were observed in the EBs at day 3 and 8, respectively. The frequencies of vascular‑like structures and beating cells in the TGF‑β1 treated group were significantly higher compared with the control group (84.31 vs. 12.77%; P<0.001; 37.25 vs. 8.51%; P<0.001, respectively). Electron microscopy revealed the presence of lumens and gap junctions in the sections of the tubular structures. Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed elevated expression levels of CD31 and fetal liver kinase‑1 in EBs cultured with TGF‑β1. In addition, extensive staining of von Willebrand factor was observed in the vascular‑like structures of TGF‑β1‑treated EBs. Therefore, the results of the present study may aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of human ESC differentiation and improve the methods of propagating specific cell types for the clinical therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Qian Dj, Zhong Wy, Lu Jh, Guo Xk, Cao Yl and Liu J: TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Ther Med 8: 52-58, 2014.
APA
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., & Liu, J. (2014). TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 8, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1721
MLA
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., Liu, J."TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 8.1 (2014): 52-58.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., Liu, J."TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 8, no. 1 (2014): 52-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1721
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Qian Dj, Zhong Wy, Lu Jh, Guo Xk, Cao Yl and Liu J: TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Ther Med 8: 52-58, 2014.
APA
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., & Liu, J. (2014). TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 8, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1721
MLA
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., Liu, J."TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 8.1 (2014): 52-58.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Qian, D., Zhong, W., Lu, J., Guo, X., Cao, Y., Liu, J."TGF‑β1 induces the formation of vascular‑like structures in embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 8, no. 1 (2014): 52-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1721
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