PAR‑2, IL‑4R, TGF‑β and TNF‑α in bronchoalveolar lavage distinguishes extrinsic allergic alveolitis from sarcoidosis

Matěj,Radoslav; Smětáková,Magdalena; Vašáková,Martina; Nováková,Jana; Šterclová,Martina; Kukal,Jaromír; Olejár,Tomáš

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1776

PAR‑2, IL‑4R, TGF‑β and TNF‑α in bronchoalveolar lavage distinguishes extrinsic allergic alveolitis from sarcoidosis

Authors:
- Radoslav Matěj
- Magdalena Smětáková
- Martina Vašáková
- Jana Nováková
- Martina Šterclová
- Jaromír Kukal
- Tomáš Olejár
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Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer Hospital, Prague 140 59, Czech Republic, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thomayer Hospital, Prague 140 59, Czech Republic, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
Published online on: June 11, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1776
Pages: 533-538

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Abstract

Sarcoidosis (SARC) and extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) share certain markers, making a differential diagnosis difficult even with histopathological investigation. In lung tissue, proteinase‑activated receptor‑2 (PAR‑2) is primarily investigated with regard to epithelial and inflammatory perspectives. Varying levels of certain chemokines can be a useful tool for distinguishing EAA and SARC. Thus, in the present study, differences in the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin‑4 receptor (IL‑4R) and PAR‑2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared, using an ELISA method, between 14 patients with EAA and six patients with SARC. Statistically significant higher levels of IL‑4R, PAR‑2 and the PAR‑2/TGF‑β1 and PAR‑2/TNF‑α ratios were observed in EAA patients as compared with SARC patients. Furthermore, the ratios of TNF‑α/total protein, TGF‑β1/PAR‑2 and TNF‑α/PAR‑2 were significantly lower in EAA patients than in SARC patients. The results indicated a higher detection of PAR‑2 in EAA samples in association with TNF‑α and TGF‑β levels. As EAA and PAR‑2 in parallel belong to the Th2‑mediated pathway, the results significantly indicated an association between this receptor and etiology. In addition, the results indicated that SARC is predominantly a granulomatous inflammatory disease, thus, higher levels of TNF‑α are observed. Therefore, the detection of PAR-2 and investigated chemokines in BALF may serve as a useful tool in the differential diagnosis between EAA and SARC.

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