Comparison of the radiosensitivities of neurons and glial cells derived from the same rat brain

Kudo,Shigehiro; Suzuki,Yoshiyuki; Noda,Shin‑Ei; Mizui,Toshiyuki; Shirai,Katsuyuki; Okamoto,Masahiko; Kaminuma,Takuya; Yoshida,Yukari; Shirao,Tomoaki; Nakano,Takashi

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1802

September-2014 Volume 8 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

September-2014 Volume 8 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Article

Comparison of the radiosensitivities of neurons and glial cells derived from the same rat brain

Authors:
- Shigehiro Kudo
- Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Shin‑Ei Noda
- Toshiyuki Mizui
- Katsuyuki Shirai
- Masahiko Okamoto
- Takuya Kaminuma
- Yukari Yoshida
- Tomoaki Shirao
- Takashi Nakano
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371‑8511, Japan, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371‑8511, Japan, Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma 371‑8511, Japan
Pages: 754-758
|
Published online on: June 23, 2014

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1802
Expand metrics +

Abstract

Non‑proliferating cells, such as mature neurons, are generally believed to be more resistant to X‑rays than proliferating cells, such as glial and vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, the late adverse effects of radiotherapy on the brain have been attributed to the radiation‑induced damage of glial and vascular endothelial cells. However, little is known about the radiosensitivities of neurons and glial cells due to difficulties in culturing these cells, particularly neurons, independently. In the present study, primary dissociated neurons and glial cultures were prepared separately from the hippocampi and cerebrum, respectively, which had been obtained from the same fetal rat on embryonic day 18. X‑irradiations of 50 Gy were performed on the cultured neurons and glial cells at 7 and 21 days in vitro (DIV). The cells were fixed at 24 h after irradiation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling was then performed to measure the apoptotic indices (AIs). The AIs of non‑irradiated and irradiated neurons at 7 DIV were 23.7±6.7 and 64.9±4.8%, and those at 21 DIV were 52.1±17.4 and 44.6±12.5%, respectively. The AIs of non‑irradiated and irradiated glial cells at 7 DIV were 5.8±1.5 and 78.4±3.3% and those at 21 DIV were 9.6±2.6 and 86.3±4.9%, respectively. Glial cells and neurons were radiosensitive at 7 DIV. However, while glial cells were radiosensitive at 21 DIV, neurons were not.

View Figures

View References

1	Hall EJ and Giaccia AJ: Radiobiology for the Radiologist. Sixth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Philadelphia, PA: 2006
2	Chang EL, Wefel JS, Hess KR, et al: Neurocognition in patients with brain metastases treated with radiosurgery or radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 10:1037–1044. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Nakaya K, Hasegawa T, Flickinger JC, Kondziolka DS, Fellows-Mayle W and Gobbel GT: Sensitivity to radiation-induced apoptosis and neuron loss declines rapidly in the postnatal mouse neocortex. Int J Radiat Biol. 81:545–554. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Shi L, Molina DP, Robbins ME, Wheeler KT and Brunso-Bechtold JK: Hippocampal neuron number is unchanged 1 year after fractionated whole-brain irradiation at middle age. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 71:526–532. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
5	Takadera T, Sakamoto Y and Ohyashiki T: NMDA receptor 2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil-induced apoptosis was prevented by glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in cultured rat cortical neurons. Brain Res. 1020:196–203. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Allen NJ and Barres BA: Signaling between glia and neurons: focus on synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 15:542–548. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Volterra A and Meldolesi J: Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues. Nat Rev Neurosci. 6:626–640. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Yamazaki Y, Hozumi Y, Kaneko K, et al: Direct evidence for mutual interactions between perineuronal astrocytes and interneurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 134:791–802. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Ye ZC and Sontheimer H: Astrocytes protect neurons from neurotoxic injury by serum glutamate. Glia. 22:237–248. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Björk-Eriksson T, et al: Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med. 4:1313–1317. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Peissner W, Kocher M, Treuer H and Gillardon F: Ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis of proliferating stem cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat hippocampus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 71:61–68. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Tada E, Parent JM, Lowenstein DH and Fike JR: X-irradiation causes a prolonged reduction in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. Neuroscience. 99:33–41. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Barani IJ, Cuttino LW, Benedict SH, et al: Neural stem cell-preserving external-beam radiotherapy of central nervous system malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 68:978–985. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Ghia A, Tomé WA, Thomas S, et al: Distribution of brain metastases in relation to the hippocampus: implications for neurocognitive functional preservation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 68:971–977. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Gutiérrez AN, Westerly DC, Tomé WA, et al: Whole brain radiotherapy with hippocampal avoidance and simultaneously integrated brain metastases boost: a planning study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 69:589–597. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
16	Jaganathan A, Tiwari M, Phansekar R, Panta R and Huilgol N: Intensity-modulated radiation to spare neural stem cells in brain tumors: a computational platform for evaluation of physical and biological dose metrics. J Cancer Res Ther. 7:58–63. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Gobbel GT, Bellinzona M, Vogt AR, Gupta N, Fike JR and Chan PH: Response of postmitotic neurons to X-irradiation: implications for the role of DNA damage in neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci. 18:147–155. 1998.PubMed/NCBI
18	Okamoto M, Suzuki Y, Shirai K, et al: Effect of radiation on the development of immature hippocampal neurons in vitro. Radiat Res. 172:718–724. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Shirai K, Mizui T, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Nakano T and Shirao T: Differential effects of x-irradiation on immature and mature hippocampal neurons in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 399:57–60. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Goslin K, Asmussen H and Banker G: Rat hippocampal neurons in low-density culture. Banker G and Goslin K: Culturing Nerve Cells. Second edition. The MIT Press; Cambridge, MA: pp. 339–370. 1998
21	Seaberg RM and van der Kooy D: Adult rodent neurogenic regions: the ventricular subependyma contains neural stem cells, but the dentate gyrus contains restricted progenitors. J Neurosci. 22:1784–1793. 2002.
22	Hellström NA, Björk-Eriksson T, Blomgren K and Kuhn HG: Differential recovery of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus after ionizing radiation. Stem Cells. 27:634–641. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Comparison of the radiosensitivities of neurons and glial cells derived from the same rat brain

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Related Articles