Preparation of novel (-)-gossypol nanoparticles and the effect on growth inhibition in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in vitro

Jin,Cai-Ling; Chen,Mei-Ling; Wang,Ying; Kang,Xiao-Chun; Han,Guang-Ye; Xu,Su-Ling

doi:10.3892/etm.2015.2172

Preparation of novel (-)-gossypol nanoparticles and the effect on growth inhibition in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in vitro

Authors:
- Cai-Ling Jin
- Mei-Ling Chen
- Ying Wang
- Xiao-Chun Kang
- Guang-Ye Han
- Su-Ling Xu
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Affiliations: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
Published online on: January 8, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2172
Pages: 675-678
Copyright: © Jin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects and possible mechanism of (‑)‑gossypol nanoparticles, loaded with vv polyethylene glycol‑maleimide (mPEG‑Mal), in vitro. Emulsification‑volatilization was used to prepare the loaded (‑)‑gossypol nanoparticles. The toxicity of blank nanoparticles on human prostate cancer PC‑3 cells and human prostate RWPE‑1 cells was measured. The antitumor effects of the nanoparticles on PC‑3 cells were evaluated by an MTT assay, acridine orange staining and transmission electron microscopy in vitro, and the results were compared with those of free (‑)‑gossypol. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bak were measured using semi‑quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The growth inhibition activity of the loaded (‑)‑gossypol nanoparticles was found to be dose‑ and time‑dependent, and similar to the activity of free (‑)‑gossypol. The nanoparticles induced apoptotic morphological changes on the PC‑3 cells, downregulating the mRNA expression level of Bcl‑2 and upregulating the mRNA expression level of Bak. Blank nanoparticles exhibited no evident toxicity on PC‑3 and RWPE‑1 cells at a high dose. Therefore, the mPEG‑Mal loaded (‑)‑gossypol nanoparticles demonstrated a favorable antitumor activity and no toxicity. The nanoparticles were able to induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells; thus, may be a potential antitumor nanodrug.

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