Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 10 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 10 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke

  • Authors:
    • Ji Yun Ahn
    • Bing Chun Yan
    • Joon Ha Park
    • Ji Hyeon Ahn
    • Dae Hwan Lee
    • In Hye Kim
    • Jeong‑Hwi Cho
    • Bai Hui Chen
    • Jae‑Chul Lee
    • Young Shin Cho
    • Myoung Chul Shin
    • Jun Hwi Cho
    • Seongkweon Hong
    • Moo‑Ho Won
    • Sung Koo Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea, Institute of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, North Gyeongsang 712‑714, Republic of Korea, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Pediatrics, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445‑907, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Ahn et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2007-2014
    |
    Published online on: October 13, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2794
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lacosamide, which is a novel antiepileptic drug, has been reported to exert various additional therapeutic effects. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of lacosamide against transient cerebral ischemia‑induced neuronal cell damage in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)‑1 region of a gerbil model. Neuronal Nuclei immunohistochemistry demonstrated that pre‑ and post‑surgical treatment (5 min ischemia) with 25 mg/kg lacosamide protected CA1 pyramidal neurons in the lacosamide‑treated‑ischemia‑operated group from ischemic injury 5 days post‑ischemia, as compared with gerbils in the vehicle‑treated‑ischemia‑operated group. Furthermore, treatment with 25 mg/kg lacosamide markedly attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 region at 5 days post‑ischemia. The results of the present study suggested that pre‑ and post‑surgical treatment of the gerbils with lacosamide was able to protect against transient cerebral ischemic injury‑induced CA1 pyramidal neuronal cell death in the hippocampus. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of lacosamide may be associated with decreased activation of glial cells in the ischemic CA1 region.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Singh J and Nguyen TN: Endovascular and neurosurgical management of acute ischemic stroke. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 30:695–712. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Domoráková I, Mechírová E, Danková M, Danielisová V and Burda J: Effect of antioxidant treatment in global ischemia and ischemic postconditioning in the rat hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 29:837–844. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Huang X, Li Q, Li H and Guo L: Neuroprotective and antioxidative effect of cactus polysaccharides in vivo and in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 29:1211–1221. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Asghari M and Sadeghnia HR: Protective effect of Nigella sativa extract and thymoquinone on serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells death. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 30:591–598. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nagy D, Marosi M, Kis Z, Farkas T, Rakos G, Vecsei L, Teichberg VI and Toldi J: Oxaloacetate decreases the infarct size and attenuates the reduction in evoked responses after photothrombotic focal ischemia in the rat cortex. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 29:827–835. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Oliveira IJ, Molz S, Souza DO and Tasca CI: Neuroprotective effect of GMP in hippocampal slices submitted to an in vitro model of ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 22:335–344. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kataoka T, Etani R, Takata Y, Nishiyama Y, Kawabe A, Kumashiro M, Taguchi T and Yamaoka K: Radon inhalation protects against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Inflammation. 37:1675–1682. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sakai N, Yanai K, Ryu JH, Nagasawa H, Hasegawa T, Sasaki T, Kogure K and Watanabe T: Behavioral studies on rats with transient cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Behav Brain Res. 77:181–188. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Candelario-Jalil E, Alvarez D, Merino N and León OS: Delayed treatment with nimesulide reduces measures of oxidative stress following global ischemic brain injury in gerbils. Neurosci Res. 47:245–253. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Oztanir MN, Ciftci O, Cetin A and Aladag MA: Hesperidin attenuates oxidative and neuronal damage caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a C57BL/J6 mouse model. Neurol Sci. 35:1393–1399. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Pei H, Cao D, Guo Z, Liu G, Guo Y and Lu C: Bone morphogenetic protein-7 ameliorates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 14:23441–23453. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Park OK, Lee JC, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, et al: Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res. 92:795–807. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Chen J, Cai F, Cao J, Zhang X and Li S: Long-term antiepileptic drug administration during early life inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in the developing brain. J Neurosci Res. 87:2898–2907. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Rogawski MA and Löscher W: The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Neurosci. 5:553–564. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Geis C, Beyreuther BK, Stöhr T and Sommer C: Lacosamide has protective disease modifying properties in experimental vincristine neuropathy. Neuropharmacology. 61:600–607. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Hao JX, Stöhr T, Selve N, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z and Xu XJ: Lacosamide, a new anti-epileptic, alleviates neuropathic pain-like behaviors in rat models of spinal cord or trigeminal nerve injury. Eur J Pharmacol. 553:135–140. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wasterlain CG, Stöhr T and Matagne A: The acute and chronic effects of the novel anticonvulsant lacosamide in an experimental model of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 94:10–17. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Shandra A, Shandra P, Kaschenko O, Matagne A and Stöhr T: Synergism of lacosamide with established antiepileptic drugs in the 6-Hz seizure model in mice. Epilepsia. 54:1167–1175. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hovinga CA: SPM-927 (Schwarz Pharma). IDrugs. 6:479–485. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Beyreuther B, Callizot N and Stöhr T: Antinociceptive efficacy of lacosamide in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pharmacol. 539:64–70. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Beyreuther B, Callizot N and Stöhr T: Antinociceptive efficacy of lacosamide in the monosodium iodoacetate rat model for osteoarthritis pain. Arthritis Res Ther. 9:R142007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Stöhr T, Krause E and Selve N: Lacosamide displays potent antinociceptive effects in animal models for inflammatory pain. Eur J Pain. 10:241–249. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Rogawski MA and Löscher W: The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of nonepileptic conditions. Nat Med. 10:685–692. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Liu YR, Lei RY, Wang CE, Zhang BA, Lu H, Zhu HC and Zhang GB: Effects of catalpol on ATPase and amino acids in gerbils with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neurol Sci. 35:1229–1233. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Liu YR, Li PW, Suo JJ, Sun Y, Zhang BA, Lu H, Zhu HC and Zhang GB: Catalpol provides protective effects against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in gerbils. J Pharm Pharmacol. 66:1265–1270. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wang W, Wang T, Feng WY, Wang ZY, Cheng MS and Wang YJ: Ecdysterone protects gerbil brain from temporal global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via preventing neuron apoptosis and deactivating astrocytes and microglia cells. Neurosci Res. 81(82): 21–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Institute of Laboratory Animal Research. 2202011.

28 

Yan BC, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Hwang IK, You SG, Kang IJ, Kim JD, Kim DJ, Kim YM and Won MH: Leptin's neuroprotective action in experimental transient ischemic damage of the gerbil hippocampus is linked to altered leptin receptor immunoreactivity. J Neurol Sci. 303:100–108. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Park JH, Joo HS, Yoo KY, Shin BN, Kim IH, Lee CH, Choi JH, Byun K, Lee B, Lim SS, et al: Extract from Terminalia chebula seeds protect against experimental ischemic neuronal damage via maintaining SODs and BDNF levels. Neurochem Res. 36:2043–2050. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Schmued LC and Hopkins KJ: Fluoro-Jade B: A high affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration. Brain Res. 874:123–130. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Loskota WJ, Lomax P and Verity MA: A stereotaxic atlas of the Mongolian gerbil brain (Meriones unguiculatus). Ann Arbor Science (Ann Arbor, MI). 70–81. 1974.

32 

Park JH, Joo HS, Yoo KY, Shin BN, Kim IH, Lee CH, Choi JH, Byun K, Lee B, Lim SS, et al: Extract from Terminalia chebula seeds protect against experimental ischemic neuronal damage via maintaining SODs and BDNF levels. Neurochem Res. 36:2043–2050. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Licko T, Seeger N, Zellinger C, Russmann V, Matagne A and Potschka H: Lacosamide treatment following status epilepticus attenuates neuronal cell loss and alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis in a rat electrical status epilepticus model. Epilepsia. 54:1176–1185. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Bell MT, Puskas F, Agoston VA, Cleveland JC Jr, Freeman KA, Gamboni F, Herson PS, Meng X, Smith PD, Weyant MJ, et al: Toll-like receptor 4-dependent microglial activation mediates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Circulation. 128(Suppl 1): S152–S156. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Choudhury Roy G, Ryou MG, Poteet E, Wen Y, He R, Sun F, Yuan F, Jin K and Yang SH: Involvement of p38 MAPK in reactive astrogliosis induced by ischemic stroke. Brain Res. 1551:45–58. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Day YJ, Liou JT, Lee CM, Lin YC, Mao CC, Chou AH, Liao CC and Lee HC: Lack of interleukin-17 leads to a modulated micro-environment and amelioration of mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury in mice. Pain. 155:1293–1302. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yan X, Yadav R, Gao M and Weng HR: Interleukin-1 beta enhances endocytosis of glial glutamate transporters in the spinal dorsal horn through activating protein kinase C. Glia. 62:1093–1109. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Beyreuther BK, Geis C, Stöhr T and Sommer C: Antihyperalgesic efficacy of lacosamide in a rat model for muscle pain induced by TNF. Neuropharmacology. 52:1312–1317. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wang B, Dawson H, Wang H, Kernagis D, Kolls BJ, Yao L and Laskowitz DT: Lacosamide improves outcome in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 19:125–134. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ahn JY, Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Lee DH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Chen BH, Lee JC, Cho YS, Cho YS, et al: Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 10: 2007-2014, 2015.
APA
Ahn, J.Y., Yan, B.C., Park, J.H., Ahn, J.H., Lee, D.H., Kim, I.H. ... Kim, S.K. (2015). Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2794
MLA
Ahn, J. Y., Yan, B. C., Park, J. H., Ahn, J. H., Lee, D. H., Kim, I. H., Cho, J., Chen, B. H., Lee, J., Cho, Y. S., Shin, M. C., Cho, J. H., Hong, S., Won, M., Kim, S. K."Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.6 (2015): 2007-2014.
Chicago
Ahn, J. Y., Yan, B. C., Park, J. H., Ahn, J. H., Lee, D. H., Kim, I. H., Cho, J., Chen, B. H., Lee, J., Cho, Y. S., Shin, M. C., Cho, J. H., Hong, S., Won, M., Kim, S. K."Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 6 (2015): 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2794
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ahn JY, Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Lee DH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Chen BH, Lee JC, Cho YS, Cho YS, et al: Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 10: 2007-2014, 2015.
APA
Ahn, J.Y., Yan, B.C., Park, J.H., Ahn, J.H., Lee, D.H., Kim, I.H. ... Kim, S.K. (2015). Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2794
MLA
Ahn, J. Y., Yan, B. C., Park, J. H., Ahn, J. H., Lee, D. H., Kim, I. H., Cho, J., Chen, B. H., Lee, J., Cho, Y. S., Shin, M. C., Cho, J. H., Hong, S., Won, M., Kim, S. K."Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.6 (2015): 2007-2014.
Chicago
Ahn, J. Y., Yan, B. C., Park, J. H., Ahn, J. H., Lee, D. H., Kim, I. H., Cho, J., Chen, B. H., Lee, J., Cho, Y. S., Shin, M. C., Cho, J. H., Hong, S., Won, M., Kim, S. K."Novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing glial activation in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of ischemic stroke". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 6 (2015): 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2794
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team