Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 11 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 11 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

  • Authors:
    • Cheng Lin
    • Yuanli Zhao
    • Gang Wan
    • Anlin Zhu
    • Hao Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1355-1360
    |
    Published online on: February 16, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3082
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the current study was to observe the effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were allocated at random into four groups (control, SAH, SAH + simvastatin and SAH + taurine groups; n=12 each). The rabbit model of DCVS was established using a double hemorrhage method, which involved injecting autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna in the SAH groups. The SAH + simvastatin group was administered oral simvastatin (5 mg/kg) daily between days 0‑6. The SAH + taurine group was administered oral taurine (50 mg/kg) daily between days 0‑6. Starch (50 mg/kg) was administered orally to the animals in the other two groups (control and SAH groups). The control group were not subjected to any other injections or treatment. The internal diameter and internal diameter/wall thickness of the basilar artery (BA) were measured. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 were determined using immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods following the sacrifice of all animals on day 7. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB in the BA was also measured using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The BA walls in the SAH + simv­astatin and SAH + taurine groups exhibited reduced narrowing and corrugation of the tunica elastica interna compared with the SAH group. At the protein and cDNA levels, it was found that cerebral vasospasm of the BA in the SAH + simvastatin and SAH + taurine groups was allevi­ated, as indicated by the reduced expression of TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and NF‑κB compared with the SAH group (P<0.05). In conclusion, simvastatin and taurine reduced DCVS following SAH in rabbits, which suggests that these compounds may exert anti-inflammatory effects.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Kerz T, Victor A, Beyer C, Trapp I, Heid F and Reisch R: A case control study of statin and magnesium administration in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and mortality. Neurol Res. 30:893–897. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Suzuki H, Kanamaru K, Shiba M, Fujimoto M, Kawakita F, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T and Taki W: Tenascin-C is a possible mediator between initial brain injury and vasospasm-related and -unrelated delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 120:117–121. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

3 

da Costa L, Fisher J, Mikulis DJ, Tymianski M and Fierstra J: Early identification of brain tissue at risk for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 120:105–109. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hirashima Y, Endo S, Kato R and Takaku A: Prevention of cerebrovasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits by the platelet-activating factor antagonist, E5880. J Neurosurg. 84:826–830. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, Chow MM, Lin CL, Calisaneller T, Ley KF, Kassell NF and Lee KS: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: putative role of inflammation. Neurosurgery. 53:123–133; discussion 133–125. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lin CL, Dumont AS, Calisaneller T, Kwan AL, Hwong SL and Lee KS: Monoclonal antibody against E selectin attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. Surg Neurol. 64:201–205; discussion 205–206. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kim E, Kim HC, Park SY, Lim YJ, Ro SH, Cho WS, Jeon YT, Hwang JW and Park HP: Effect of red blood cell transfusion on unfavorable neurological outcome and symptomatic vasospasm in patients with cerebral aneurysmal rupture: Old versus fresh blood. World Neurosurg. Aug 28–2015.(Epub ahead of print).

8 

Nickele C, Muro K, Getch CC, Walker MT and Bernstein RA: Severe reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome mimicking aneurysmal rupture and vasospasm. Neurocrit Care. 7:81–85. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Salunke P, Patra DP and Mukherjee KK: Delayed cerebral vasospasm and systemic inflammatory response syndrome following intraoperative rupture of cerebral hydatid cyst. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 156:613–614. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Li W, Zheng T, Altura BT and Altura BM: Antioxidants prevent elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by low extracellular magnesium in cultured canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells: Possible relationship to Mg(2+) deficiency-induced vasospasm and stroke. Brain Res Bull. 52:151–154. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Heffren J, McIntosh AM and Reiter PD: Nimodipine for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in 12 children. Pediatr Neurol. 52:356–360. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Munakata A, Ohkuma H and Shimamura N: Effect of a free radical scavenger, edaravone, on free radical reactions: Related signal transduction and cerebral vasospasm in the rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 110:17–22. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Nishziawa S: Roles of signal transduction mechanisms in cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage: Overview. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 110:27–30. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zubkov AY, Nanda A and Zhang JH: Signal transduction pathways in cerebral vasospasm. Pathophysiology. 9:47–61. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Jośko J, Hendryk S, Jedrzejowska-Szypułka H, Słowiński J, Gwóźdź B, Lange D, Snietura M, Zwirska-Korczala K and Jochem J: Cerebral angiogenesis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and endothelin receptor blockage with BQ-123 antagonist in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 52:237–248. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhou ML, Zhu L, Wang J, Hang CH and Shi JX: The inflammation in the gut after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Surg Res. 137:103–108. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sarrafzadeh A, Copin JC, Bengualid DJ, Turck N, Vajkoczy P, Bijlenga P, Schaller K and Gasche Y: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration in the cerebral extracellular fluid of patients during the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res. 34:455–461. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

De Martin R, Hoeth M, Hofer-Warbinek R and Schmid JA: The transcription factor NF-kappa B and the regulation of vascular cell function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 20:E83–E88. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Song YS, Lee YS and Chan PH: Oxidative stress transiently decreases the IKK complex (IKKalpha, beta, and gamma), an upstream component of NF-kappaB signaling, after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25:1301–1311. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Huang CY, Fujimura M, Noshita N, Chang YY and Chan PH: SOD1 down-regulates NF-kappaB and c-Myc expression in mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 21:163–173. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wu W, Guan Y, Zhao G, Fu XJ, Guo TZ, Liu YT, Ren XL, Wang W, Liu HR and Li YQ: Elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Mol Neurobiol. Jun 11–2015.(Epub ahead of print). View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Young AM, Karri SK, You W and Ogilvy CS: Specific TNF-alpha inhibition in cerebral aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Drug Saf. 7:190–196. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Hanafy KA, Grobelny B, Fernandez L, Kurtz P, Connolly ES, Mayer SA, Schindler C and Badjatia N: Brain interstitial fluid TNF-alpha after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci. 291:69–73. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Pinchuk TV, Fedulaev YN, Khairetdinova GA, Denisova NN, Chura OV and Logunova IY: Anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure. Bull Exp Biol Med. 157:552–554. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Sun M, Zhao Y, Gu Y and Xu C: Anti-inflammatory mechanism of taurine against ischemic stroke is related to down-regulation of PARP and NF-κB. Amino Acids. 42:1735–1747. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Seiyama A, Yoshikawa N and Imamura Y: Ischemic pretreatment delays ischemic brain vasospasm injury in gerbils. Adv Exp Med Biol. 812:247–252. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhang H, Zhang B and Li S, Liang C, Xu K and Li S: Whole brain CT perfusion combined with CT angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115:2496–2501. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Suarez JI, Tarr RW and Selman WR: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 354:387–396. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Miyazaki T and Matsuzaki Y: Taurine and liver diseases: A focus on the heterogeneous protective properties of taurine. Amino Acids. 46:101–110. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Juvela S: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 34:e34–e36. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Joo K, Lee Y, Choi D, Han J, Hong S, Kim YM and Jung Y: An anti-inflammatory mechanism of taurine conjugated 5-aminosalicylic acid against experimental colitis: Taurine chloramine potentiates inhibitory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on IL-1beta-mediated NFkappaB activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 618:91–97. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Marcinkiewicz J, Kurnyta M, Biedroń R, Bobek M, Kontny E and Maśliński W: Anti-inflammatory effects of taurine derivatives (taurine chloramine, taurine bromamine, and taurolidine) are mediated by different mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol. 583:481–492. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Quinn MR, Barua M, Liu Y and Serban V: Taurine chloramine inhibits production of inflammatory mediators and iNOS gene expression in alveolar macrophages; a tale of two pathways: Part I, NF-kappaB signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol. 526:341–348. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Buechler C, Ullrich H, Aslanidis C, Bared SM, Lingenhel A, Ritter M and Schmitz G: Lipoprotein (a) downregulates lysosomal acid lipase and induces interleukin-6 in human blood monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1642:25–31. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Coppack SW: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipose tissue. Proc Nutr Soc. 60:349–356. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, Atkinson RL and Spiegelman BM: Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 95:2409–2415. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Asahi M, Huang Z, Thomas S, Yoshimura S, Sumii T, Mori T, Qiu J, Amin-Hanjani S, Huang PL, Liao JK, et al: Protective effects of statins involving both eNOS and tPA in focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25:722–729. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kramer AH: Statins in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: An overview of animal research, observational studies, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 110:193–201. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sabri M and Macdonald RL: Statins: A potential therapeutic addition to treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? World Neurosurg. 73:646–653. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Rasmussen LM, Hansen PR, Nabipour MT, Olesen P, Kristiansen MT and Ledet T: Diverse effects of inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase on the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in endothelial cells. Biochem J. 360:363–370. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Zelvyte I, Dominaitiene R, Crisby M and Janciauskiene S: Modulation of inflammatory mediators and PPARgamma and NFkappaB expression by pravastatin in response to lipoproteins in human monocytes in vitro. Pharmacol Res. 45:147–154. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Kaji H, Kanatani M, Sugimoto T and Chihara K: Statins modulate the levels of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand mRNA in mouse bone-cell cultures. Horm Metab Res. 37:589–592. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ahn KS, Sethi G and Aggarwal BB: Reversal of chemoresistance and enhancement of apoptosis by statins through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 75:907–913. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin C, Zhao Y, Wan G, Zhu A and Wang H: Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Exp Ther Med 11: 1355-1360, 2016.
APA
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., & Wang, H. (2016). Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 1355-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3082
MLA
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., Wang, H."Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.4 (2016): 1355-1360.
Chicago
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., Wang, H."Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 4 (2016): 1355-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3082
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin C, Zhao Y, Wan G, Zhu A and Wang H: Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Exp Ther Med 11: 1355-1360, 2016.
APA
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., & Wang, H. (2016). Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 1355-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3082
MLA
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., Wang, H."Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.4 (2016): 1355-1360.
Chicago
Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Wan, G., Zhu, A., Wang, H."Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 4 (2016): 1355-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3082
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team