Preparation and in vitro evaluation of a biomimetic nanoscale calcium phosphate coating on a polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament

Chen,Chen; Li,Hong; Guo,Changan; Chen,Shiyi

doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3269

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of a biomimetic nanoscale calcium phosphate coating on a polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament

Authors:
- Chen Chen
- Hong Li
- Changan Guo
- Shiyi Chen
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China, Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
Published online on: April 20, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3269
Pages: 302-306

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

In the present study, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament was coated with an organic layer‑by‑layer (LBL) self‑assembled template of chitosan and hyaluronic acid, and then incubated in a calcium phosphate (CaP) solution to prepare a biomimetic CaP coating. The surface characterization of the ligament was examined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy. The effects of CaP coatings on the osteogenic activity of MC3T3 E1 mouse osteoblastic cells were investigated by evaluating their attachment, proliferation and the relative expression levels of alkaline phosphatase. The results revealed that the organic LBL template on the PET artificial ligament was effective for CaP apatite formation. Following incubation for 72 h, numerous nanoscale CaP apatites were deposited on the PET ligament fibers. In addition, the results of the in vitro culture of MC3T3‑E1 mouse osteoblastic cells demonstrated that the CaP coating had a good biocompatibility for cell proliferation and adhesion, and the CaP‑coated group had a significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity compared with the uncoated control group after seven days of cell culture. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the biomimetic nanoscale CaP‑coated PET artificial ligaments have potential in bone‑tissue engineering.

View Figures

View References

1	Nau T, Lavoie P and Duval N: A new generation of artificial ligaments in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Two-year follow-up of a randomised trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 84:356–360. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Machotka Z, Scarborough I, Duncan W, Kumar S and Perraton L: Anterior cruciate ligament repair with LARS (ligament advanced reinforcement system): a systematic review. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2:292010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Kock HJ, Stürmer KM, Letsch R and Schmit-Neuerburg KP: Interface and biocompatibility of polyethylene terephthalate knee ligament prostheses. A histological and ultrastructural device retrieval analysis in failed synthetic implants used for surgical repair of anterior cruciate ligaments. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 114:1–7. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Guidoin MF, Marois Y, Bejui J, Poddevin N, King MW and Guidoin R: Analysis of retrieved polymer fiber based replacements for the ACL. Biomaterials. 21:2461–2474. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Li H, Chen S, Wu Y, et al: Enhancement of the osseointegration of a polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament graft in a bone tunnel using 58S bioglass. Int Orthop. 36:191–197. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Gao K, Chen S, Wang L, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament: a multicenter study with 3- to 5-year follow-up. Arthroscopy. 26:515–523. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Xu L, Pan F, Yu G, Yang L, Zhang E and Yang K: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the surface bioactivity of a calcium phosphate coated magnesium alloy. Biomaterials. 30:1512–1523. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Goyenvalle E, Aguado E, Nguyen JM, et al: Osteointegration of femoral stem prostheses with a bilayered calcium phosphate coating. Biomaterials. 27:1119–1128. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	de Jonge LT, Leeuwenburgh SC, van den Beucken JJ, et al: The osteogenic effect of electrosprayed nanoscale collagen/calcium phosphate coatings on titanium. Biomaterials. 31:2461–2469. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Bigi A, Fini M, Bracci B, et al: The response of bone to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-coated Ti13Nb11Zr alloy in an animal model. Biomaterials. 29:1730–1736. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Lui P, Zhang P, Chan K and Qin L: Biology and augmentation of tendon-bone insertion repair. J Orthop Surg Res. 5:592010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Baxter FR, Bach JS, Detrez F, et al: Augmentation of bone tunnel healing in anterior cruciate ligament grafts: application of calcium phosphates and other materials. J Tissue Eng. 2010:7123702010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Mutsuzaki H, Sakane M, Fujie H, Hattori S, Kobayashi H and Ochiai N: Effect of calcium phosphate-hybridized tendon graft on biomechanical behavior in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a goat model: novel technique for improving tendon-bone healing. Am J Sports Med. 39:1059–1066. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Mutsuzaki H, Sakane M, Nakajima H, et al: Calcium-phosphate-hybridized tendon directly promotes regeneration of tendon-bone insertion. J Biomed Mater Res A. 70:319–327. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Li H, Ge Y, Wu Y, et al: Hydroxyapatite coating enhances polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament graft osseointegration in the bone tunnel. Int Orthop. 35:1561–1567. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Li H, Ge Y, Zhang P, Wu L and Chen S: The effect of layer-by-layer chitosan-hyaluronic acid coating on graft-to-bone healing of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) artificial ligament. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 23:425–438. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Supová M: Problem of hydroxyapatite dispersion in polymer matrices: a review. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 20:1201–1213. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Boanini E, Torricelli P, Gazzano M, Giardino R and Bigi A: Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite with aspartic acid and glutamic acid and their interaction with osteoblast-like cells. Biomaterials. 27:4428–4433. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Miyazaki T, Ohtsuki C, Akioka Y, et al: Apatite deposition on polyamide films containing carboxyl group in a biomimetic solution. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 14:569–574. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Zhang LJ, Liu HG, Feng XS, et al: Mineralization mechanism of calcium phosphates under three kinds of Langmuir monolayers. Langmuir. 20:2243–2249. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Barrère F, van Blitterswijk CA and de Groot K: Bone regeneration: molecular and cellular interactions with calcium phosphate ceramics. Int J Nanomedicine. 1:317–332. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
22	Ku Y, Chung CP and Jang JH: The effect of the surface modification of titanium using a recombinant fragment of fibronectin and vitronectin on cell behavior. Biomaterials. 26:5153–5157. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Li X, Xie J, Yuan X and Xia Y: Coating electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fibers with gelatin and calcium phosphate and their use as biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Langmuir. 24:14145–14150. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Araujo JV, Martins A, Leonor IB, Pinho ED, Reis RL and Neves NM: Surface controlled biomimetic coating of polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes to be used as bone extracellular matrix analogues. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 19:1261–1278. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Arafat MT, Lam CX, Ekaputra AK, Wong SY, Li X and Gibson I: Biomimetic composite coating on rapid prototyped scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 7:809–820. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Li X, Xie J, Lipner J, Yuan X, Thomopoulos S and Xia Y: Nanofiber scaffolds with gradations in mineral content for mimicking the tendon-to-bone insertion site. Nano Lett. 9:2763–2768. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Liu X, Smith LA, Hu J and Ma PX: Biomimetic nanofibrous gelatin/apatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 30:2252–2258. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Mavis B, Demirtas TT, Gümüşderelioĝlu M, Gündüz G and Colak U: Synthesis, characterization and osteoblastic activity of polycaprolactone nanofibers coated with biomimetic calcium phosphate. Acta Biomater. 5:3098–3111. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI