Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Kuanqing Mi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Mi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2371-2376
    |
    Published online on: August 25, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3622
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The multifactorial etiology of major affective disorders, such as major depression and bipolar disorder, poses a challenge for identification of effective treatments. In a substantial number of patients, psychopharmacologic treatment does not lead to effective continuous symptom relief. The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant patients is an investigational approach that has recently produced promising results. The recent development of safer stereotaxic neurosurgery, and the combination with functional neuroimaging to map the affected brain circuits, have led to the investigation of DBS as a potential strategy to treat major mood disorders. Several independent clinical studies have recently shown that chronic DBS treatment leads to remission of symptoms in a high number of treatment-resistant patients for major depression and bipolar disorder. In conclusion, the existing proof-of-principle that DBS can be an effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression opens new avenues for treatment. However, multicenter, randomized and blind trials need to confirm efficacy and be approved after the most recent failures. Patient selection and surgical-related improvements are key issues that remain to be addressed to help deliver more precise and customized treatment.
View Figures
View References

1 

Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jönsson B, Olesen J, Allgulander C, Alonso J, Faravelli C, et al: The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 21:655–679. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Hasler G: Pathophysiology of depression: do we have any solid evidence of interest to clinicians? World Psychiatry. 9:155–161. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Khan A, Faucett J, Lichtenberg P, Kirsch I and Brown WA: A systematic review of comparative efficacy of treatments and controls for depression. PLoS One. 7:e417782012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Owen SL and Aziz TZ: Translational principles of deep brain stimulation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 8:623–635. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Rizvi SJ, Donovan M, Giacobbe P, Placenza F, Rotzinger S and Kennedy SH: Neurostimulation therapies for treatment resistant depression: a focus on vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation. Int Rev Psychiatry. 23:424–436. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Miocinovic S, Somayajula S, Chitnis S and Vitek JL: History, applications, and mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. JAMA Neurol. 70:163–171. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Accolla EA, Aust S, Merkl A, Schneider GH, Kuhn AA, Bajbouj M and Draganski B: Deep brain stimulation of the posterior gyrus rectus region for treatment resistant depression. J Affect Disord. 194:33–37. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hwang DY, Ardayfio P, Kang UJ, Semina EV and Kim KS: Selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of Pitx3-deficient aphakia mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 114:123–131. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Bronstein JM, Tagliati M, Alterman RL, Lozano AM, Volkmann J, Stefani A, Horak FB, Okun MS, Foote KD, Krack P, et al: Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: an expert consensus and review of key issues. Arch Neurol. 68:165. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Berney A, Vingerhoets F, Perrin A, Guex P, Villemure JG, Burkhard PR, Benkelfat C and Ghika J: Effect on mood of subthalamic DBS for Parkinson's disease: a consecutive series of 24 patients. Neurology. 59:1427–1429. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Williams A, Gill S, Varma T, Jenkinson C, Quinn N, Mitchell R, Scott R, Ives N, Rick C, Daniels J, et al: PD SURG Collaborative Group: Deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD SURG trial): a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 9:581–591. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Schuepbach WM, Rau J, Knudsen K, Volkmann J, Krack P, Timmermann L, Hälbig TD, Hesekamp H, Navarro SM, Meier N, et al: EARLYSTIM Study Group: Neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease with early motor complications. N Engl J Med. 368:610–622. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kosel M, Sturm V, Frick C, Lenartz D, Zeidler G, Brodesser D and Schlaepfer TE: Mood improvement after deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus for tardive dyskinesia in a patient suffering from major depression. J Psychiatr Res. 41:801–803. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Damier P, Thobois S, Witjas T, Cuny E, Derost P, Raoul S, Mertens P, Peragut JC, Lemaire JJ, Burbaud P, et al: French Stimulation for Tardive Dyskinesia (STARDYS) Study Group: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus to treat tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64:170–176. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Drevets WC, Ongür D and Price JL: Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex: implications for the pathophysiology of familial mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 3:220–226. 190–191. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Robinson RG, Kubos KL, Starr LB, Rao K and Price TR: Mood changes in stroke patients: relationship to lesion location. Compr Psychiatry. 24:555–566. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sapolsky RM: Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:12320–12322. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Price JL and Drevets WC: Neurocircuitry of mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 35:192–216. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hamani C, Mayberg H, Stone S, Laxton A, Haber S and Lozano AM: The subcallosal cingulate gyrus in the context of major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 69:301–308. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, Callahan A, Ketter TA, Basser P, Hallett M and Post RM: Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression. Neuroreport. 6:1853–1856. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Nobler MS and Sackeim HA: Neurobiological correlates of the cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 24:40–45. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pardo JV, Sheikh SA, Schwindt GC, Lee JT, Kuskowski MA, Surerus C, Lewis SM, Abuzzahab FS, Adson DE and Rittberg BR: Chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression decreases resting ventromedial prefrontal glucose metabolism. Neuroimage. 42:879–889. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mayberg H, Lozano A, Voon V, McNeely H, Seminowicz D, Hamani C, Schwalb J and Kennedy S: Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron. 45:651–660. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Endicott J, Cohen J, Nee J, Fleiss J and Sarantakos S: Hamilton depression rating scale. Extracted from regular and change versions of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 38:98–103. 1981.

25 

Lozano AM, Mayberg HS, Giacobbe P, Hamani C, Craddock RC and Kennedy SH: Subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry. 64:461–467. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kennedy SH, Giacobbe P, Rizvi SJ, Placenza FM, Nishikawa Y, Mayberg HS and Lozano AM: Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: follow-up after 3 to 6 years. Am J Psychiatry. 168:502–510. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Holtzheimer PE, Kelley ME, Gross RE, Filkowski MM, Garlow SJ, Barrocas A, Wint D, Craighead MC, Kozarsky J, Chismar R, et al: Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 69:150–158. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Haq IU, Foote KD, Goodman WK, Ricciuti N, Ward H, Sudhyadhom A, Jacobson CE, Siddiqui MS and Okun MS: A case of mania following deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 88:322–328. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Puigdemont D, Pérez-Egea R, Portella MJ, Molet J, de Diego-Adeliño J, Gironell A, Radua J, Gómez-Anson B, Rodríguez R, Serra M, et al: Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate gyrus: further evidence in treatment-resistant major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 15:121–133. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Malone DA Jr, Dougherty DD, Rezai AR, Carpenter LL, Friehs GM, Eskandar EN, Rauch SL, Rasmussen SA, Machado AG, Kubu CS, et al: Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry. 65:267–275. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Bewernick BH, Hurlemann R, Matusch A, Kayser S, Grubert C, Hadrysiewicz B, Axmacher N, Lemke M, Cooper-Mahkorn D, Cohen MX, et al: Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation decreases ratings of depression and anxiety in treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry. 67:110–116. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Schlaepfer TE, Bewernick BH, Kayser S, Mädler B and Coenen VA: Rapid effects of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 73:1204–1212. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Morishita T, Fayad SM, Higuchi MA, Nestor KA and Foote KD: Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Systematic review of clinical outcomes. Neurotherapeutics. 11:475–484. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Coenen VA, Kieselbach K, Mader I and Reinacher PC: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) tractography-guided deep brain stimulation in neuropathic pain. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 157:739–741. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Underwood E: Short-circuiting depression. Science. 342:548–551. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hariz M: Deep brain stimulation: new techniques. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 20 Suppl 1:S192–S196. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Lujan JL, Chaturvedi A, Choi KS, Holtzheimer PE, Gross RE, Mayberg HS and McIntyre CC: Tractography-activation models applied to subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimulat. 6:737–739. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Delaloye S and Holtzheimer PE: Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 16:83–91. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Abosch A, Lanctin D, Onaran I, Eberly L, Spaniol M and Ince NF: Long-term recordings of local field potentials from implanted deep brain stimulation electrodes. Neurosurgery. 71:804–814. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Laxton AW, Neimat JS, Davis KD, Womelsdorf T, Hutchison WD, Dostrovsky JO, Hamani C, Mayberg HS and Lozano AM: Neuronal coding of implicit emotion categories in the subcallosal cortex in patients with depression. Biol Psychiatry. 74:714–719. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Malone DA Jr: Use of deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Cleve Clin J Med. 77 Suppl 3:S77–S80. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L and Grill W: Closed-loop control of deep brain stimulation: a simulation study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 19:15–24. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kuncel AM, Birdno MJ, Swan BD and Grill WM: Tremor reduction and modeled neural activity during cycling thalamic deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 123:1044–1052. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Williams NR and Okun MS: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry. J Clin Invest. 123:4546–4556. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

van Essen DC, Ugurbil K, Auerbach E, Barch D, Behrens TE, Bucholz R, Chang A, Chen L, Corbetta M, Curtiss SW, et al: WU-Minn HCP Consortium: The Human Connectome Project: a data acquisition perspective. Neuroimage. 62:2222–2231. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Basser PJ, Pajevic S, Pierpaoli C, Duda J and Aldroubi A: In vivo fiber tractography using DT-MRI data. Magn Reson Med. 44:625–632. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Contarino MF, Bour LJ, Verhagen R, Lourens MA, de Bie RM, van den Munckhof P and Schuurman PR: Directional steering: a novel approach to deep brain stimulation. Neurology. 83:1163–1169. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Li G, Su L, Cole G, Shang W, Harrington K, Camilo A, Pilitsis J and Fischer G: Robotic System for MRI-Guided Stereotactic Neurosurgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 62:1077–1088. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Riva-Posse P, Holtzheimer P, Garlow S and Mayberg S: Practical considerations in the development and refinement of subcallosal cingulate white matter deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. World Neurosurg. 80(S27): e25–34. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

50 

Cleary DR, Ozpinar A, Raslan AM and Ko AL: Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: where we are now. Neurosurg Focus. 38:E22015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Schlaepfer TE, George MS and Mayberg H: WFSBP Task Force on Brain Stimulation: WFSBP Guidelines on brain stimulation treatments in psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry. 11:2–18. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Mi K: Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 12: 2371-2376, 2016.
APA
Mi, K. (2016). Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 2371-2376. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3622
MLA
Mi, K."Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.4 (2016): 2371-2376.
Chicago
Mi, K."Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 4 (2016): 2371-2376. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3622
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Mi K: Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 12: 2371-2376, 2016.
APA
Mi, K. (2016). Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 2371-2376. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3622
MLA
Mi, K."Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.4 (2016): 2371-2376.
Chicago
Mi, K."Use of deep brain stimulation for major affective disorders (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 4 (2016): 2371-2376. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3622
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team