Gemstone spectral imaging for measuring adult bone mineral density

Shao,Wei‑Guang; Liu,Dian‑Mei

doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3652

Gemstone spectral imaging for measuring adult bone mineral density

Authors:
- Wei‑Guang Shao
- Dian‑Mei Liu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Imaging Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
Published online on: September 1, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3652
Pages: 2773-2777

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The present study aimed to detect the bone Ca2+ content of L3 vertebrae in adults by gemstone spectral computed tomography. In total, 235 patients were selected and divided into age groups of 10 years each. The scanning data were used to detect the water‑based and Ca2+‑based substance levels on the L3 vertebral cancellous bone images. The results indicated that there were significant differences in vertebral Ca2+‑water and water‑Ca2+ densities determined by gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) between males and females in subjects aged 50‑59 years, 60‑69 years, 70‑79 years and ≥80 years (P<0.05). The ages of male and female participants were negatively correlated with vertebral Ca2+‑water density (P<0.01) and water‑Ca2+ density (P<0.01). In conclusion, GSI may be used as a novel method of measuring the vertebral adult bone mineral density.

View Figures

View References

1	Charles W, Slemenda C and Johnston CJ: Epidemiology of osteoporosisTreatment of the Postmenopausal Woman: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Lobo RA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Baltimore: pp. 279–285. 1999
2	Riggs BL: The problem of osteoporosis-its prevention and treatmentPrevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Riggs BL: Hogrefe & Huber; Lewiston, N.Y.: pp. 9–11. 1992
3	Li Y, Lin J, Wang P, Yao X, Yu H, Zhuang H, Zhang L and Zeng Y: Effect of time factors on the mortality in brittle hip fracture. J Orthop Surg Res. 9:372014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Johnell O and Kanis JA: An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 17:1726–1733. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Lenchik L, Kiebzak GM and Blunt BA: International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Panel and Scientific Advisory Committee: What is the role of serial bone mineral density measurements in patient management? J Clin Densitom. 5(Suppl): S29–S38. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Crandall C: The role of serial bone mineral density testing for osteoporosis. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 10:887–895. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Lewiecki EM: Bone density measurement and assessment of fracture risk. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 56:667–676. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Shuler FD, Conjeski J, Kendall D and Salava J: Understanding the burden of osteoporosis and use of the World Health Organization FRAX. Orthopedics. 35:798–805. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Kanterewicz E, Puigoriol E, García-Barrionuevo J, del Rio L, Casellas M and Peris P: Frodos Research Group: Prevalence of vertebral fractures and minor vertebral deformities evaluated by DXA-assisted vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in a population-based study of postmenopausal women: The FRODOS study. Osteoporos Int. 25:1455–1464. 2014.PubMed/NCBI
10	Bazzocchi A, Spinnato P, Fuzzi F, Diano D, Morselli-Labate AM, Sassi C, Salizzoni E, Battista G and Guglielmi G: Vertebral fracture assessment by new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone. 50:836–841. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Nickoloff EL, Feldman F and Atherton JV: Bone mineral assessment: New dual-energy CT approach. Radiology. 168:223–228. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Zheng S, Dong Y, Miao Y, Liu A, Zhang X, Wang B, Ge Y, Liu Y and Wang S: Differentiation of osteolytic metastases and Schmorl's nodes in cancer patients using dual-energy CT: Advantage of spectral CT imaging. Eur J Radiol. 83:1216–1221. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Duan X, Wang J, Yu L, Leng S and McCollough CH: CT scanner X-ray spectrum estimation from transmission measurements. Med Phys. 38:993–997. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Writing Group for the ISCD Position Development Conference: Technical standardization for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Densitom. 7:27–36. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Gnudi S, Sitta E and Fiumi N: Bone density and geometry in assessing hip fracture risk in post-menopausal women. Br J Radiol. 80:893–897. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Prevention and management of osteoporosis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 921:1–164. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
17	Yu EW, Bouxsein ML, Roy AE, Baldwin C, Cange A, Neer RM, Kaplan LM and Finkelstein JS: Bone loss after bariatric surgery: Discordant results between DXA and QCT bone density. J Bone Miner Res. 29:542–550. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Klingberg E, Lorentzon M, Göthlin J, Mellström D, Geijer M, Ohlsson C, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S, Carlsten H and Forsblad-d'Elia H: Bone microarchitecture in ankylosing spondylitis and the association with bone mineral density, fractures and syndesmophytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 15:R1792013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Bauer JS, Henning TD, Müeller D, Lu Y, Majumdar S and Link TM: Volumetric quantitative CT of the spine and hip derived from contrast-enhanced MDCT: conversion factors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188:1294–1301. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Genant HK, Lang T, Fuerst T, Pinette KV, Zhou C, Thiebaud D and Diez-Perez A: Treatment with raloxifene for 2 years increases vertebral bone mineral density as measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography. Bone. 35:1164–1168. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Cann CE: Quantitative CT for determination of bone mineral density: A review. Radiology. 166:509–522. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Graser A, Johnson TR, Hecht EM, Becker CR, Leidecker C, Staehler M, Stief CG, Hildebrandt H, Godoy MC, Finn ME, et al: Dual-energy CT in patients suspected of having renal masses: Can virtual nonenhanced images replace true nonenhanced images? Radiology. 252:433–440. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Ascenti G, Siragusa C, Racchiusa S, Ielo I, Privitera G, Midili F and Mazziotti S: Stone-targeted dual-energy CT: A new diagnostic approach to urinary calculosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195:953–958. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Zhang D, Li X and Liu B: Objective characterization of GE discovery CT750 HD scanner: Gemstone spectral imaging mode. Med Phys. 38:1178–1188. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Sai H, Iguchi G, Tobimatsu T, Takahashi K, Otani T, Horii K, Mano I, Nagai I, Iio H, Fujita T, et al: Novel ultrasonic bone densitometry based on two longitudinal waves: Significant correlation with pQCT measurement values and age-related changes in trabecular bone density, cortical thickness and elastic modulus of trabecular bone in a normal Japanese population. Osteoporos Int. 21:1781–1790. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Nindl BC, Pierce JR, Durkot MJ, Tuckow AP, Kennett MJ, Nieves JW, Cosman F, Alemany JA and Hymer WC: Relationship between growth hormone in vivo bioactivity, the insulin-like growth factor-I system and bone mineral density in young, physically fit men and women. Growth Horm IGF Res. 18:439–445. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Krum SA and Brown M: Unraveling estrogen action in osteoporosis. Cell Cycle. 7:1348–1352. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Chen J, Dong Y, Ge Y and Liu YJ: Feasibility of bone density measurement based on CT gemstone spectral imaging. Zhong Guo Yi Xue Ying Xiang Ji Shuy. 29:133–137. 2013.(In Chinese).