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Article

Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner

  • Authors:
    • Fenghua Li
    • Yansa Wang
    • Ying Yan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2456-2462
    |
    Published online on: March 22, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4252
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of gambogenic acid (GNA) on the malignant behaviors of choroidal melanoma cells, including cell viability, cell cycle, migration and invasion, and to elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanism. The human choroidal melanoma cell line OCM‑1 was treated with different concentrations of GNA and cell viability, colony formation ability, cell cycle, migration and invasion were analyzed. Additionally, cells were incubated with or without LY294002, a specific inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, for 24 h. Levels of cell cycle‑associated proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 and P21), epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑associated molecules (epithelial‑cadherin, α‑smooth muscle actin and vimentin) and phosphorylated (p)‑AKT/AKT were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that GNA significantly inhibited cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.01). Furthermore, GNA administration significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.01). Treatment with GNA or LY294002 induced a marked decrease in the expression of p‑AKT/AKT, a significant downregulation in cell cycle‑associated molecules (P<0.01), and a significant decrease in cell viability (P<0.01). Co‑treatment with LY294002 and GNA had an additive effect on the growth of OCM‑1 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that treatment with GNA may inhibit cell viability and induce G0/G1 arrest. Furthermore, GNA may also inhibit cell metastasis via regulating EMT‑associated molecules. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be a key mechanism involved in the progression of choroidal melanoma, and GNA may serve as a potential therapeutic reagent for the treatment of this disease.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li F, Wang Y and Yan Y: Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 13: 2456-2462, 2017.
APA
Li, F., Wang, Y., & Yan, Y. (2017). Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 2456-2462. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4252
MLA
Li, F., Wang, Y., Yan, Y."Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.5 (2017): 2456-2462.
Chicago
Li, F., Wang, Y., Yan, Y."Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 5 (2017): 2456-2462. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4252
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li F, Wang Y and Yan Y: Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 13: 2456-2462, 2017.
APA
Li, F., Wang, Y., & Yan, Y. (2017). Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 2456-2462. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4252
MLA
Li, F., Wang, Y., Yan, Y."Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.5 (2017): 2456-2462.
Chicago
Li, F., Wang, Y., Yan, Y."Gambogenic acid induces cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and metastasis inhibition in choroidal melanoma in a dose‑dependent manner". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 5 (2017): 2456-2462. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4252
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