High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating moderate traumatic brain injury in rats: A pilot study

Lu,Xia; Bao,Xinjie; Li,Jiantao; Zhang,Guanghao; Guan,Jian; Gao,Yunzhou; Wu,Peilin; Zhu,Zhaohui; Huo,Xiaolin; Wang,Renzhi

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4283

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating moderate traumatic brain injury in rats: A pilot study

Authors:
- Xia Lu
- Xinjie Bao
- Jiantao Li
- Guanghao Zhang
- Jian Guan
- Yunzhou Gao
- Peilin Wu
- Zhaohui Zhu
- Xiaolin Huo
- Renzhi Wang
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Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China, Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Department of Histology and Anatomy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
Published online on: March 29, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4283
Pages: 2247-2254
Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of noninvasive brain stimulation that causes neuromodulation by activating neurons or changing excitability in a certain brain area. Considering the known effects of TMS and the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), TMS was proposed to have potential for treating this condition. Moderate TBI was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats using Feeney's weight‑dropping method. Injured rats were divided into a TMS group and a control group. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was administered to rats in the TMS group from post‑TBI day 2. At post‑TBI days 7, 14 and 28, three or four of the rats were sacrificed, and harvested brains were embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Sections were then treated with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Three rats from each group underwent fludeoxyglucose F 18 micro‑positron emission tomography scanning on post‑TBI day 2 and 13. The unexpected mortality rate after injury was lower in the TMS group than in the control group. The modified neurological severity score of the TMS group was lower compared with the control group at post‑TBI day 14. According to the results of hematoxylin eosin staining, relative cerebral parenchyma loss was lower at post‑TBI day 28 in the TMS group compared with the control group. However, the aforementioned differences were not found to be statistically significant. There was also no significant difference in glucose metabolism between the two groups. According to immunohistochemical staining, the TMS group showed a significantly higher level of proliferation (indicated by bromodeoxyuridine) in the subventricular zone, as compared with the control group (P<0.05). A significantly higher rate of neuron survival at day 28 (P<0.05; indicated by NeuN) and a significantly reduced rate of apoptosis at days 7 and 14 (P<0.05; indicated by caspase‑3) were observed in the perilesional zone of the TMS group, as compared with the control group. The current findings suggest that high-frequency rTMS may promote neurogenesis and provide a basis for further studies in this area.

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