Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy

  • Authors:
    • Wei Zhang
    • Jiaqiang Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 973-980
    |
    Published online on: June 16, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4623
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of autophagy in the protective effect of dexmedetomidine in lung injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats. In total 48 adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8) as follows: i) Sham group; ii) the IR group; iii) IR + 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine preconditioning group (pre‑LD); iv) IR + 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine preconditioning group (pre‑HD); v) IR + 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (post‑LD); and vi) IR + 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (post‑HD). After the rats were anesthetized, the hilum of the left lung was occluded with a non‑invasive microvascular clip for 30 min to induce ischemia. The clip was then removed and the left lung was allowed to regain ventilation and blood for 2 h. The rats were then sacrificed, the left lung removed and the wet/dry (W/D) lung weight ratio was determined. Pathological changes to the lungs were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the rate of lung cell apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay. The expression of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α), Bcl‑2/adenovirus E1B 19‑kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BNIP3 like (BNIP3 L) and microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) was determined by western blotting. Compared with the sham group, a significant increase in the W/D lung weight ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA), BNIP3, BNIP3 L and LC3II levels were observed in the IR group, and HIF‑1α levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were decreased. Furthermore, the W/D ratio was lower in the pre‑LD and pre‑HD groups than in the IR group. Additionally, SOD activity was significantly higher and MDA expression was significantly lower in the pre‑LD and pre‑HD groups compared with the IR group. BNIP3, BNIP3 L and LC3II protein levels were significantly lower in the pre‑LD and pre‑HD groups compared with the IR group, while HIF‑1α was notably upregulated in the pre‑LD and pre‑HD groups compared with the IR group. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by IR through inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Christie JD, Carby M, Bag R, Corris P, Hertz M and Weill D; ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, : Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction part II: Definition. A consensus statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 24:1454–1459. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ng CS, Wan S, Yim AP and Arifi AA: Pulmonary dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Chest. 121:1269–1277. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Shimamoto A, Pohlman TH, Shomura S, Tarukawa T, Takao M and Shimpo H: Toll-like receptor 4 mediates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 82:2017–2023. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ambrosio G and Tritto I: Reperfusion injury: Experimental evidence and clinical implications. Am Heart J. 138:S69–S75. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Reino DC, Pisarenko V, Palange D, Doucet D, Bonitz RP, Lu Q, Colorado I, Sheth SU, Chandler B, Kannan KB, et al: Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Lung Injury Involves a Gut-Lymph-Induced TLR4 Pathway in Mice. PLoS One. 6:e148292011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Jiang L, Li L, Shen J, Qi Z and Guo L: Effect of dexmedetomidine on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep. 9:419–426. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Shen J and Fu G, Jiang L, Xu J, Li L and Fu G: Effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on lung injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Exp Ther Med. 6:1359–1364. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ogata M, Hino S, Saito A, Morikawa K, Kondo S, Kanemoto S, Murakami T, Taniguchi M, Tanii I, Yoshinaga K, et al: Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biol. 26:9220–9231. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tra T, Gong L, Kao LP, Li XL, Grandela C, Devenish RJ, Wolvetang E and Prescott M: Autophagy in human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One. 6:e274852011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Kuma A, Hatano M, Matsui M, Yamamoto A, Nakaya H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y, Tokuhisa T and Mizushima N: The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature. 432:1032–1036. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, Iwata J, Murata S, Tanida I, Ezaki J, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Uchiyama Y, et al: Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol. 169:425–434. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Suzuki C, Isaka Y, Takabatake Y, Tanaka H, Koike M, Shibata M, Uchiyama Y, Takahara S and Imai E: Participation of autophagy in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 368:100–106. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Jiang M, Liu K, Luo J and Dong Z: Autophagy is a renoprotective mechanism during in vitro hypoxia and in vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Pathol. 176:1181–1192. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gump JM, Staskiewicz L, Morgan MJ, Bamberg A, Riches DW and Thorburn A: Autophagy variation within a cell population determines cell fate through selective degradationof Fap-1. Nat Cell Biol. 16:47–54. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang D, Li C, Zhou J, Song Y, Fang X, Ou J, Li J and Bai C: Autophagy protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury through alleviating blood-air barrier damage. J Heart Lung Transplant. 34:746–755. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhang J, Wang JS, Zheng ZK, Tang J, Fan K, Guo H and Wang JJ: Participation of autophagy in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. J Surg Res. 182:e79–e87. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Luce JM: Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 26:369–376. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zhang XY, Liu ZM, Wen SH, Li YS, Li Y, Yao X, Huang WQ and Liu KX: Dexmedetomidine administration before, but not after, ischemia attenuates intestinal injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Anesthesiology. 116:1035–1046. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lempiäinen J, Finchenberg P, Mervaala EE, Storvik M, Kaivola J, Lindstedt K, Levijoki J and Mervaala EM: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2:e000452014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

de Perrot M, Liu M, Waddell TK and Keshavjee S: Ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 167:490–511. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zimmerman BJ and Granger DN: Mechanisms of reperfusion injury. Am J Med Sci. 307:284–292. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

De Greef KE, Ysebaert DK, Ghielli M, Vercauteren S, Nouwen EJ, Eyskens EJ and De Broe ME: Neutrophilsand acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Nephrol. 11:110–122. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Oredsson S, Plate G and Qvarfordt P: Experimental evaluation of oxygen free radical scavengers in the prevention of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Eur J Surg. 160:97–103. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Deby C and Goutier R: New perspectives on the biochemistry of superoxide anion and the efficiency of superoxide dismutases. Biochem Pharmacol. 39:399–405. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Feinman R, Deitch EA, Watkins AC, Abungu B, Colorado I, Kannan KB, Sheth SU, Caputo FJ, Lu Q, Ramanathan M, et al: HIF-1 mediates pathogenic inflammatory responses to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 299:G833–G843. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhao X, Jin Y, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang W and Feng C: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha contributes to pulmonary vascular dysfunction in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:3081–3088. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Scherz-Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L and Elazar Z: Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBOJ. 26:1749–1760. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Szyniarowski P, Campanella M, Szabadkai G, Farkas T, Bianchi K, Fehrenbacher N, Elling F, Rizzuto R, et al: Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2. Mol Cell. 25:193–205. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhang J, Wang JS, Zheng ZK, Tang J, Fan K, Guo H and Wang JJ: Participation of autophagy in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. J Surg Res. 182:e79–e87. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Matsui Y, Kyoi S, Takagi H, Hsu CP, Hariharan N, Ago T, Vatner SF and Sadoshima J: Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of autophagy during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Autophagy. 4:409–415. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang D, Li C, Zhou J, Song Y, Fang X, Ou J, Li J and Bai C: Autophagy protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury through alleviating blood-air barrier damage. J Heart Lung Transplant. 34:746–755. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A and Kroemer G: Selfeating and self-killing: Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:741–752. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Eisenberg-Lerner A, Bialik S, Simon HU and Kimchi A: Life and death partners: Apoptosis, autophagy and the cross-talk between them. Cell Death Differ. 16:966–975. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Feng Z, Zhang H, Levine AJ and Jin S: The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:pp. 8204–8209. 2005; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kim SY, Song X, Zhang L, Bartlett DL and Lee YJ: Role of Bcl-xL/Beclin-1 in interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in oxaliplatin and bortezomib-induced cell death. Biochem Pharmacol. 88:178–188. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hamacher-Brady A, Brady NR, Logue SE, Sayen MR, Jinno M, Kirshenbaum LA, Gottlieb RA and Gustafsson AB: Response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury involves Bnip3 and autophagy. Cell Death Differ. 14:146–157. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Tracy K, Dibling BC, Spike BT, Knabb JR, Schumacker P and Macleod KF: BNIP3 is an RB/E2F target gene required for hypoxia-induced autophagy. Mol Cell Biol. 27:6229–6242. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Azad MB, Chen Y, Henson ES, Cizeau J, McMillan-Ward E, Israels SJ and Gibson SB: Hypoxia induces autophagic cell death in apoptosis-competent cells through a mechanism involving BNIP3. Autophagy. 4:195–204. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhang H, Bosch-Marcc M, Shimoda LA, Tan YS, Baek JH, Wesley JB, Gonzalez FJ and Semenza GL: Mitochondrial autophagy is an HIF-1-dependent adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia. J Biol Chem. 283:10892–10903. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Novak I, Kirkin V, McEwan DG, Zhang J, Wild P, Rozenknop A, Rogov V, Löhr F, Popovic D, Occhipinti A, et al: Nix is selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance. EMBO Rep. 11:45–51. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Band M, Joel A, Hernandez A and Avivi A: Hypoxia-induced BNIP3 expression and mitophagy: In vivo comparision of the rat and the hypoxia-tolerant mole, Spalax ehrenbergi. FASEB J. 23:2327–2335. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Bellot G, Garcia-Medina R, Gounon P, Chiche J, Roux D, Pouysségur J and Mazure NM: Hypoxia-induced autophagy is mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor induction of BNIP3 and BNIP3L via their BH3 domains. Mol Cell Biol. 29:2570–2581. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang W and Zhang J: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy. Exp Ther Med 14: 973-980, 2017.
APA
Zhang, W., & Zhang, J. (2017). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 973-980. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4623
MLA
Zhang, W., Zhang, J."Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.2 (2017): 973-980.
Chicago
Zhang, W., Zhang, J."Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 2 (2017): 973-980. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4623
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang W and Zhang J: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy. Exp Ther Med 14: 973-980, 2017.
APA
Zhang, W., & Zhang, J. (2017). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 973-980. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4623
MLA
Zhang, W., Zhang, J."Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.2 (2017): 973-980.
Chicago
Zhang, W., Zhang, J."Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through inhibition of autophagy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 2 (2017): 973-980. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4623
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team