Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia

  • Authors:
    • Yun Pan
    • Lizhong Du
    • Qing Ai
    • Sijie Song
    • Xiaoli Tang
    • Danping Zhu
    • Jialin Yu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1450-1458
    |
    Published online on: June 20, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4631
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units with high morbidity and mortality. Bacterial biofilm in the endotracheal tube (ET) provides a notable and persistent source of pathogens that may cause VAP, and thus is important for VAP detection. However, during intubation microbial investigations in ET, samples are unavailable due to the infeasibility of collecting ET samples during intubation of neonates. It is therefore of great importance to find alternative sources of samples that can help identify the ET biofilm flora. In the present study, the microbial signatures of throat swabs and tracheal aspirates were compared with ET biofilm samples from VAP neonates using 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning and sequencing. Sequences were assigned to phylogenetic species using BLAST. Microbial diversity and richness among the three types of specimens were compared based on their DGGE fingerprints, and taxonomic characteristics based on the BLAST results. The microbial richness and diversity of ET biofilms were similar to tracheal aspirate yet significantly different from throat swab samples (P<0.05). Compared with ET biofilms, the overall constituent ratio of microflora was significantly different in throat swab and tracheal aspirate samples (P<0.05). However tracheal aspirate samples were useful for predicting Staphylococcus sp. in ET biofilms with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 83.3%. The sensitivity for the combination of tracheal aspirate and throat swab samples to detect Staphylococcus sp. in ET biofilms was 100%. The detection of Pseudomonas sp. in throat swabs assisted its identification in ET biofilms (sensitivity 33.3% and specificity 100%). The results of the present study suggest that microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate samples are beneficial for identifying the ET biofilm flora. There may therefore be clinical applications of using substituent samples to identify pathogens in ET biofilms for VAP surveillance among intubated neonates.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, . National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control. 32:470–485. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Aly H, Badawy M, El-Kholy A, Nabil R and Mohamed A: Randomized, controlled trial on tracheal colonization of ventilated infants: Can gravity prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia? Pediatrics. 122:770–774. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Tan B, Zhang F, Zhang X, Huang YL, Gao YS, Liu X, Li YL and Qiu JF: Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Pediatr. 173:427–434. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Tan B, Xian-Yang X, Zhang X, Peng-Zhou X, Wang P, Xue J, Ling-Huang Y, Li-Li Y and Fu-Qiu J: Epidemiology of pathogens and drug resistance of ventilator-associated pneumonia in Chinese neonatal intensive care units: A meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 42:902–910. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Inglis T, Millar M, Jones J and Robinson D: Tracheal tube biofilm as a source of bacterial colonization of the lung. J Clin Microbiol. 27:2014–2018. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Adair C, Gorman S, Feron B, Byers L, Jones D, Goldsmith C, Moore J, Kerr J, Curran M, Hogg G, et al: Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 25:1072–1076. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sottile FD, Marrie TJ, Prough DS, Hobgood CD, Gower DJ, Webb LX, Costerton JW and Gristina AG: Nosocomial pulmonary infection: Possible etiologic significance of bacterial adhesion to endotracheal tubes. Crit Care Med. 14:265–270. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Gil-Perotin S, Ramirez P, Marti V, Sahuquillo JM, Gonzalez E, Calleja I, Menendez R and Bonastre J: Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm in ventilator-associated pneumonia response: A state of concept. Crit Care. 16:R932012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Cairns S, Thomas JG, Hooper SJ, Wise MP, Frost PJ, Wilson MJ, Lewis MA and Williams DW: Molecular analysis of microbial communities in endotracheal tube biofilms. PLoS One. 6:e147592011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Vandecandelaere I, Matthijs N, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vosters P, De Bus L, Nelis HJ, Depuydt P and Coenye T: Assessment of microbial diversity in biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes using culture dependent and independent approaches. PLoS One. 7:e384012012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Perkins SD, Woeltje KF and Angenent LT: Endotracheal tube biofilm inoculation of oral flora and subsequent colonization of opportunistic pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol. 300:503–511. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Charlson ES, Bittinger K, Haas AR, Fitzgerald AS, Frank I, Yadav A, Bushman FD and Collman RG: Topographical continuity of bacterial populations in the healthy human respiratory tract. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 184:957–963. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Pneumatikos IA, Dragoumanis CK and Bouros DE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia or endotracheal tube-associated pneumonia? An approach to the pathogenesis and preventive strategies emphasizing the importance of endotracheal tube. Anesthesiology. 110:673–680. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Vandecandelaere I, Matthijs N, Nelis HJ, Depuydt P and Coenye T: The presence of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens in endotracheal tube biofilms and corresponding surveillance cultures. Pathog Dis. 69:142–148. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Costerton JW, Post JC, Ehrlich GD, Hu FZ, Kreft R, Nistico L, Kathju S, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L, Maale G, et al: New methods for the detection of orthopedic and other biofilm infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 61:133–140. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang Y, Hoenig JD, Malin KJ, Qamar S, Petrof EO, Sun J, Antonopoulos DA, Chang EB and Claud EC: 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of fecal microbiota from preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. ISME J. 3:944–954. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lu H, Qian G, Ren Z, Zhang C, Zhang H, Xu W, Ye P, Yang Y and Li L: Alterations of Bacteroides sp., Neisseria sp., Actinomyces sp. and Streptococcus sp. populations in the oropharyngeal microbiome are associated with liver cirrhosis and pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 15:2392015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liu D, Yu J, Li L, Ai Q, Feng J, Song C and Li H: Bacterial community structure associated with elective cesarean section versus vaginal delivery in Chinese newborns. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 60:240–246. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Criteria for defining nosocomial pneumonia. http://www cdc gov/ncidod/hip/NNIS/members/pneumonia/Final/PneumoCriteriaV1pdfFebruary 5–2009

20 

Cernada M, Brugada M, Golombek S and Vento M: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal patients: An update. Neonatology. 105:98–107. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lu W, Yu J, Ai Q, Liu D, Song C and Li L: Increased constituent ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Streptococcus sp. and a decrease in microflora diversity may be indicators of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A prospective study in the respiratory tracts of neonates. PLoS One. 9:e875042014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Jones RN: Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 51 Suppl 1:S81–S87. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Feldman C, Kassel M, Cantrell J, Kaka S, Morar R, Mahomed AG and Philips J: The presence and sequence of endotracheal tube colonization in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir J. 13:546–551. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Wolcott RD and Ehrlich GD: Biofilms and chronic infections. Jama. 299:2682–2684. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhu XL, Zhao L, Yang JC, Chen X and Wu XH: Etiology and high risk factors of neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 9:549–552. 2007.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

26 

Safdar N, Crnich CJ and Maki DG: The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Its relevance to developing effective strategies for prevention. Respir Care. 50:725–741. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Brennan MT, Bahrani-Mougeot F, Fox PC, Kennedy TP, Hopkins S, Boucher RC and Lockhart PB: The role of oral microbial colonization in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 98:665–672. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK, Sanford JP and Thomas GD: Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli: The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med. 77:701–706. 1972. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Rotimi V and Duerden B: The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates. J Med Microbiol. 14:51–62. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Song S, Du L, Yu J, Ai Q, Pan Y, Fu Y and Wang Z: Does Streptococcus mitis, a neonatal oropharyngeal bacterium, influence the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Microbes Infect. 17:710–716. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pan Y, Du L, Ai Q, Song S, Tang X, Zhu D and Yu J: Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Exp Ther Med 14: 1450-1458, 2017.
APA
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., & Yu, J. (2017). Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 1450-1458. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4631
MLA
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., Yu, J."Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.2 (2017): 1450-1458.
Chicago
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., Yu, J."Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 2 (2017): 1450-1458. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4631
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pan Y, Du L, Ai Q, Song S, Tang X, Zhu D and Yu J: Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Exp Ther Med 14: 1450-1458, 2017.
APA
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., & Yu, J. (2017). Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 1450-1458. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4631
MLA
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., Yu, J."Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.2 (2017): 1450-1458.
Chicago
Pan, Y., Du, L., Ai, Q., Song, S., Tang, X., Zhu, D., Yu, J."Microbial investigations in throat swab and tracheal aspirate specimens are beneficial to predict the corresponding endotracheal tube biofilm flora among intubated neonates with ventilator‑associated pneumonia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 2 (2017): 1450-1458. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4631
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team