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Article

Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients

  • Authors:
    • Rongshui Yang
    • Yan Yan
    • Yuhuan Wang
    • Xiaohuan Liu
    • Xinhui Su
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Xinglin Branch Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4417-4424
    |
    Published online on: September 1, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5096
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Abstract

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is most commonly reported in immunocompromised patients, whereas immunocompetent hosts are rarely affected and may be asymptomatic, resulting in reduced diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the plain and contrast‑enhanced chest CT scan findings of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients, with the aim of improving the diagnosis of this type of pulmonary disease. In the present study, a total of 27 immunocompetent patients of clinically confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 27 patients, 14 patients underwent plain and contrast‑enhanced chest CT scans, while 13 patients only underwent plain chest CT scanning. The clinical and imaging characteristics, including the location, shape, size, number, edge and attenuation or intensity of each lesion, in unenhanced and contrast‑enhanced CT scans were reviewed. The results indicated that the most common CT finding was pulmonary nodules (40.74%), with multiple nodules (25.93%) being more common compared with solitary nodules (14.81%). The majority of the nodules were poorly defined and inhomogeneous with observed air‑bubble sign. Other findings included consolidation (25.93%), ground‑glass opacities (GGO; 22.22%) and a mass (11.11%). The halo, air bronchogram and cavity signs were observed more frequently (22.22, 18.52 and 14.81%, respectively). The pulmonary lesions presented a predominant distribution in the lower lung lobes and peripheral area in 55.55 and 74.07% of the cases, respectively. On the contrast‑enhanced CT images, the majority of nodules presented ring enhancement with the mean maximal enhancement value of 20.92±5.67 Hu, and masses demonstrated inhomogeneous enhancement with a mean maximal enhancement value of 35.61±8.32 Hu. In conclusion, familiarity with the CT findings and occupational environment exposure history will assist in earlier and easier diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang R, Yan Y, Wang Y, Liu X and Su X: Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. Exp Ther Med 14: 4417-4424, 2017.
APA
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., & Su, X. (2017). Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 4417-4424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5096
MLA
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Su, X."Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.5 (2017): 4417-4424.
Chicago
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Su, X."Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 5 (2017): 4417-4424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5096
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang R, Yan Y, Wang Y, Liu X and Su X: Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. Exp Ther Med 14: 4417-4424, 2017.
APA
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., & Su, X. (2017). Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 4417-4424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5096
MLA
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Su, X."Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.5 (2017): 4417-4424.
Chicago
Yang, R., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Su, X."Plain and contrast‑enhanced chest computed tomography scan findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 5 (2017): 4417-4424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5096
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