Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

Hazekawa,Mai; Hideshima,Yuko; Ono,Kazuhiko; Nishinakagawa,Takuya; Kawakubo‑Yasukochi,Tomoyo; Takatani‑Nakase,Tomoka; Nakashima,Manabu

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5106

Anti‑inflammatory effects of water extract from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) leaves in vitro

Authors:
- Mai Hazekawa
- Yuko Hideshima
- Kazuhiko Ono
- Takuya Nishinakagawa
- Tomoyo Kawakubo‑Yasukochi
- Tomoka Takatani‑Nakase
- Manabu Nakashima
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814‑0180, Japan, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8179, Japan
Published online on: September 5, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5106
Pages: 4349-4355

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Fruits and vegetables have been recognized as natural sources of various bioactive compounds. Peppers, one such natural source, are consumed worldwide as spice crops. They additionally have an important role in traditional medicine, as a result of their antioxidant bioactivity via radical scavenging. However, there are no reports regarding the bioactivity of the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum), a commonly used edible vegetable. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti‑inflammatory effect of water extract from bell pepper leaves on mouse spleen cells, and explore the potential mechanism underlying this effect. The extract was prepared through homogenization of bell pepper leaves in deionized water. The sterilized supernatant was added to a mouse spleen cell culture stimulated by concanavalin A. Following 72 h of culture, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant were measured using a sandwich enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay system, and levels of inflammatory proteins were assessed using western blotting. The bell pepper leaf extract significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine production, inhibited cell proliferation without producing cytotoxicity, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory proteins. These results suggest that components of the bell pepper leaf extract possess anti‑inflammatory activity. The study of the anti‑inflammatory mechanism of bell pepper leaf extract has provided useful information on its potential for therapeutic application.

View Figures

View References

1	Abbas AK, Mulphy KM and Sher A: Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature. 383:787–793. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Snell GI, Westall GP and Paraskeva MA: Immunosuppression and allograft rejection following lung transplantation: Evidence to date. Drugs. 73:1793–1813. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	van Sandwijk MS, Bemelman FJ and Ten Berg IJ: Immunosupressive drugs after solid organ transplantation. Neth J Med. 71:281–289. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
4	Pecarce EL: Metabolism in T cell activation and differentiation. Curr Opin Immunol. 22:314–320. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Ma W, Mishra S, Gee K, Mishra JP, Nandan D, Reiner NE, Angel JB and Kumar A: Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit IL-12p40 production through the calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase in lipopolysaccharide stimulated human monocytic cells. J Biol Chem. 282:13351–13362. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Hughes K, Edin S, Antonsson A and Grundström T: Calmodulin-dependent kinase II mediaters T cell receptor/CD3-and phorbol ester-induced activation of Ikappaβ kinase. J Biol Chem. 276:36008–36013. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Pennington JAT and Fisher RA: Food component profiles for fruit and vegetable subgroups. J Food Composition Analysis. 23:411–418. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
8	Dembitsky VM, Poovarodom S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Vearasilp S, Trakhtenberg S and Gorinstein S: The multiple nutrition properties of some exotic fruits: Biological activity and active metabolites. Food Res Int. 44:1671–1701. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
9	Ayala-Zavala JF, Vega-Vega V, Rosas-Domínguez C, Palafox-Carlos H, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Wasim Siddiqui Md, Dávila-Aviña JE and González-Aguilar GA: Agro-industrial potential of exotic fruit by products as a source of food additives. Food Res Int. 44:1866–1874. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
10	Liu DH, Shi J, Ibarra AC, Kakuda Y and Xue SJ: The scavenging capacity and synergistic effects of lycopene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene mixtures on the DPPH free radical. Food Sci Technol. 41:1344–1349. 2008.
11	Müller L, Fröhlich K and Böhm V: Comparative antioxidant activities of carotenoids measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS bleaching assay (αTEAC), DPPH assay and peroxyl radical scavenging assay. Food Chem. 129:139–148. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
12	Zimmer AR, Leonardi B, Miron D, Schapoval E, Oliveira JR and Gosmann G: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: From traditional use to scientific approach. J Ethnopharmacol. 139:228–233. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Menichini F, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Loizzo MR, Conforti F, Stattti G, Cindio BD, Houghton PJ and Menichini F: The influence of fruit ripening on the phytochemical content and biological activity of Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv Habanero. Food Chem. 114:553–560. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
14	Bown D: Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses, Kindersley Dorling, London. Herb society of America; London, UK: 2001
15	Meghvansi MK, Siddiqui S, Khan MH, Gupta VK, Vairale MG, Gogoi HK and Singh L: Naga chili: A potential source of capsaicinoids with broad-spectrum ethdopharmacological applications. J Ethnopharmacol. 132:1–14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Wyk BEV and Wink M: Medicinal Plants of the World: An Illustrated Scientific Guide to Important Medicinal Plants and Their Uses. Timber Press; Portland, Ore, USA: 2004
17	Antonious GF, Kochhar TS, Jarret RL and Snyder JC: Antioxidants in hot pepper: Variation among accessions. J Environ Sci Health B. 41:1237–1243. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Song X, Bao S, Wu L and Hu S: Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) and mineral oil act synergistically to enhance the immune responses to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease in mice. Vaccine. 27:51–55. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Xie F, Li Y, Su F and Hu S: Adjuvant effect of Atractylodis macrophalae Koidz. polysaccharides on the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Carbohydr Polym. 87:1713–1719. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
20	Strauss G, Osen W and Debatin KM: Induction of apoptosis and modulation of activation and effector function in T cells by immunosuppressive drugs. Clin Exp Immunol. 128:255–266. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Sakuma S, Kato Y, Nishigaki F, Magari K, Miyata S, Ohkubo Y and Goto T: Effects of FK506 and other immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic agents on T cell activation mediated IL-6 and IgM production in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol. 1:749–757. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Sakuma S, Kato Y, Nishigaki F, Sasakawa T, Magari K, Miyata S, Ohkubo Y and Goto T: FK506 potently inhibits T cell activation induced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Br J Pharmacol. 130:1655–1663. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Toyoda T, Shi L, Takasu S, Cho YM, Kiriyama Y, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K, Tatematsu M and Tsukamoto T: Anti-inflammatory effects of capsaicin and piperine on helicobacter pylori-induced chronic gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter. 21:131–142. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Tang J, Luo K, Li Y, Chen Q, Tang D, Wang D and Xiao J: Capsaicin attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production by upregulation of LXRα. Int Immunopharmacol. 28:264–269. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Dujovny N, Varghese A, Shen J, Yin D, Ji S, Ma L, Finnegan A and Chong AS: Acute xenograft rejection mediated by antibodies produced independently of TH1/TH2 cytokine profiles. Am J Transplant. 2:526–534. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Di Renzo M, Rubegni P, De Aloe G, Paulesu L, Pasqui AL, Andreassi L, Auteri A and Fimiani M: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy restores Th1/Th2 imbalance in patients with early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Immunology. 92:99–103. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Ishiguro K, Green T, Rapley J, Wachtel H, Giallourakis C, Landry A, Cao Z, Lu N, Takafumi A, Goto H, et al: Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a modulator of CARMA1-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell Biol. 26:5497–5508. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Quesada AJ and Redondo JM: CA++/calcineurin/NFAT signaling in endothelial activation and angiogenesis: Effects od cyclosporine A. Nefrologia. 23 (Suppl 3):S44–S48. 2003.(In Spanish).
29	Lederer JA, Liou JS, Kim S, Rice N and Lichtman AH: Regulation of NF-kappa B activation in T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Immunol. 156:56–63. 1996.PubMed/NCBI