Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway

  • Authors:
    • Shumei Cao
    • Jianlong Du
    • Qiaohong Hei
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an High‑Tech Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Cao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4919-4927
    |
    Published online on: September 19, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5127
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has markedly increased over the past few decades. Oxidative stress is considered to be a common pathophysiological condition resulting in neurotoxicity. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is the major active component of Lycium barbarum L., which exhibit potent antioxidant activity. The current study investigated the neuroprotective effects of LBP in H2O2‑treated PC12 cells in vitro and in CoCl2‑treated rats in vivo. It was determined that LBP concentration‑dependently reversed the H2O2‑induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in cell viability, increase in TUNEL‑stained cells, increase in caspase‑3 and ‑9 activity and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the amelioration of mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, LBP inhibited the H2O2‑induced decrease in nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf)2 and heme oxygenase (HO)‑1 expression and binding of Nrf2 to the promoters of HO‑1. Silencing of Nrf2 and inhibition of HO‑1 by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) reversed the protective effects of LBP against H2O2‑resulted neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. In CoCl2‑treated rats, it was demonstrated that LBP decreased brain tissue apoptosis, reduced the time spent by rats finding the platform site, decreased escape latencies and reduced the distance traveled to find the platform. In addition, LBP inhibited the CoCl2‑induced decrease of Nrf2 and HO‑1 expression. Administration of ZnPP also suppressed the protective effects of LBP against CoCl2‑resulted neurotoxicity in rats. Thus, the current study indicated that LBP exhibits protective effects against neurotoxicity by upregulating Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling. These data may increase understanding regarding the neuroprotective activities of LBP.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Paulsen JS, Nance M, Kim JI, Carlozzi NE, Panegyres PK, Erwin C, Goh A, McCusker E and Williams JK: A review of quality of life after predictive testing for and earlier identification of neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol. 110:2–28. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Gratwicke J, Jahanshahi M and Foltynie T: Parkinson's disease dementia: A neural networks perspective. Brain. 138:1454–1476. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Bhat AH, Dar KB, Anees S, Zargar MA, Masood A, Sofi MA and Ganie SA: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; A mechanistic insight. Biomed Pharmacother. 74:101–110. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Zhao Y and Zhao B: Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013:3165232013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang X and Hai C: Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: Hypothesis of ‘Redox Chain’ and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radical Bio Med. 89:99–125. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Greilberger J, Koidl C, Greilberger M, Lamprecht M, Schroecksnadel K, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D and Oettl K: Malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and albumin-disulphide as useful oxidative markers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Res. 42:633–638. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sultana R, Perluigi M and Butterfield Allan D: Lipid peroxidation triggers neurodegeneration: A redox proteomics view into the Alzheimer disease brain. Free Radic Biol Med. 62:157–169. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, Quiroga-Varela A and Jackson-Lewis VR: Oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease. Front Neuroanat. 9:912015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wong ES, Tan JM, Wang C, Zhang Z, Tay SP, Zaiden N, Ko HS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM and Lim KL: Relative sensitivity of parkin and other cysteine-containing enzymes to stress-induced solubility alterations. J Biol Chem. 282:12310–12318. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wang HX and Ng TB: Natural products with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypocholesterolemic, antiatherosclerotic and antithrombotic activities. Life Sci. 65:2663–2677. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Chen S, Liang L, Wang Y, Diao J, Zhao C, Chen G, He Y, Luo C, Wu X and Zhang Y: Synergistic immunotherapeutic effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide and interferon-α2b on the murine Renca renal cell carcinoma cell line in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 12:6727–6737. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhao R, Cai Y, Shao X and Ma B: Improving the activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on sub-health mice. Food Funct. 6:2033–2040. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Liu Y, Lv J, Yang B, Liu F, Tian Z, Cai Y, Yang D, Ouyang J, Sun F, Shi Y and Xia P: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 78:318–323. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Xiao J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Tipoe GL, Xing F and So KF: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates alcoholic cellular injury through TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int J Biol Macromol. 69:73–78. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhao Q, Dong B, Chen J, Zhao B, Wang X, Wang L, Zha S and Wang Y, Zhang J and Wang Y: Effect of drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym. 127:176–181. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Bie M, Lv Y, Ren C, Xing F, Cui Q, Xiao J and So KF: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide improves bipolar pulse current-induced microglia cell injury through modulating autophagy. Cell Transplant. 24:419–428. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Gao J, Chen C, Liu Y, Li Y, Long Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sui J, Wu Y, Liu L and Yang C: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide improves traumatic cognition via reversing imbalance of apoptosis/regeneration in hippocampal neurons after stress. Life Sci. 121:124–134. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wang T, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou R, Ma L, Hao Y, Jin S, Du J, Zhao C, Sun T and Yu J: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide prevents focal cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in mice. PLoS One. 9:e907802014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Caltana L, Merelli A, Lazarowski A and Brusco A: Neuronal and glial alterations due to focal cortical hypoxia induced by direct cobalt chloride (CoCl2) brain injection. Neurotox Res. 15:348–358. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Caltana L, Rutolo D, Nieto ML and Brusco A: Further evidence for the neuroprotective role of oleanolic acid in a model of focal brain hypoxia in rats. Neurochem Int. 79:79–87. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Guan D, Su Y, Li Y, Wu C, Meng Y, Peng X and Cui Y: Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits CoCl2 -induced neurotoxicity through enhancement of Nrf2/GCLc/GSH and suppression of HIF1α/NOX2/ROS pathways. J Neurochem. 134:551–565. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Dai Y, Li W, Zhong M, Chen J, Liu Y, Cheng Q and Li T: Preconditioning and post-treatment with cobalt chloride in rat model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Brain Dev. 36:228–240. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Pearson JN and Patel M: The role of oxidative stress in organophosphate and nerve agent toxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1378:17–24. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lan AP, Chen J, Chai ZF and Hu Y: The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and cobalt in Parkinson's disease through ROS-mediated mechanisms. Biometals. 29:665–678. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Venkatesan R, Subedi L, Yeo EJ and Kim SY: Lactucopicrin ameliorates oxidative stress mediated by scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity through activation of the NRF2 pathway. Neurochem Int. 99:133–146. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gao K, Liu M, Cao J, Yao M, Lu Y, Li J, Zhu X, Yang Z and Wen A: Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through the ROS-NO pathway. Molecules. 20:293–308. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhu X, Hu S, Zhu L, Ding J, Zhou Y and Li G: Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. Mol Med Rep. 11:3445–3450. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Qi B, Ji Q, Wen Y, Liu L, Guo X, Hou G, Wang G and Zhong J: Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect human lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and senescence. PLoS One. 9:e1102752014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Rui C, Yuxiang L, Yinju H, Qingluan Z, Yang W, Qipeng Z, Hao W, Lin M, Juan L, Chengjun Z, et al: Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on neonatal rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. J Mol Histol. 43:535–542. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Li SY, Yang D, Yeung CM, Yu WY, Chang RC, So KF, Wong D and Lo AC: Lycium barbarum polysaccharides reduce neuronal damage, blood-retinal barrier disruption and oxidative stress in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One. 6:e163802011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Vriend J and Reiter RJ: The Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway: A review of its regulation by melatonin and the proteasome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 401:213–220. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Na HK and Surh YJ: Oncogenic potential of Nrf2 and its principal target protein heme oxygenase-1. Free Radic Biol Med. 67:353–365. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ollinger R, Yamashita K, Bilban M, Erat A, Kogler P, Thomas M, Csizmadia E, Usheva A, Margreiter R and Bach FH: Bilirubin and biliverdin treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. Cell Cycle. 6:39–43. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gan L and Johnson JA: Oxidative damage and the Nrf2-ARE pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1842:1208–1218. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Narasimhan M, Riar AK, Rathinam ML, Vedpathak D, Henderson G and Mahimainathan L: Hydrogen peroxide responsive miR153 targets Nrf2/ARE cytoprotection in paraquat induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett. 228:179–191. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Park SY, Kim DY, Kang JK, Park G and Choi YW: Involvement of activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in protection against 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by α-iso-cubebenol. Neurotoxicology. 44:160–168. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ye F, Li X, Li L, Yuan J and Chen J: t-BHQ provides protection against lead neurotoxicity via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016:20759152016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Dwivedi S, Rajasekar N, Hanif K, Nath C and Shukla R: Sulforaphane ameliorates okadaic Acid-Induced memory impairment in rats by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Mol Neurobiol. 53:5310–5323. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kwon SH, Ma SX, Hwang JY, Lee SY and Jang CG: Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in sulfuretin-induced protection against amyloid beta25-35 neurotoxicity. Neuroscience. 304:14–28. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yang Y, Li W, Li Y, Wang Q, Gao L and Zhao J: Dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide induces Nrf2/ARE pathway and ameliorates insulin resistance induced by high-fat via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014:1456412014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

He M, Pan H, Chang RC, So KF, Brecha NC and Pu M: Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway contributes to the protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the rodent retina after ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage. Plos One. 9:e848002014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cao S, Du J and Hei Q: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 14: 4919-4927, 2017.
APA
Cao, S., Du, J., & Hei, Q. (2017). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 4919-4927. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5127
MLA
Cao, S., Du, J., Hei, Q."Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.5 (2017): 4919-4927.
Chicago
Cao, S., Du, J., Hei, Q."Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 5 (2017): 4919-4927. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5127
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cao S, Du J and Hei Q: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 14: 4919-4927, 2017.
APA
Cao, S., Du, J., & Hei, Q. (2017). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 4919-4927. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5127
MLA
Cao, S., Du, J., Hei, Q."Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.5 (2017): 4919-4927.
Chicago
Cao, S., Du, J., Hei, Q."Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects against neurotoxicity via the Nrf2‑HO‑1 pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 5 (2017): 4919-4927. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5127
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team