Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2018 Volume 15 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes

  • Authors:
    • Luyan Tang
    • Wenyu Wu
    • Wenwen Fu
    • Yao Hu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3459-3466
    |
    Published online on: January 30, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5807
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Phototherapy is widely used in the treatment of vitiligo. Previous studies have focused on the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on melanocytes; however, the biological effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes remain to be elucidated. To investigate and assess the effects of clinically doses of broad band (BB)‑UVA, narrow band (NB)‑UVB and melanocytes on human keratinocytes in vitro, clinical doses of BB‑UVA or NB‑UVB radiation and human melanoma cell A375 co‑culture were performed as stress divisors to HaCaT cells. Cell proliferation, expression of protease‑activated receptor‑2 (PAR‑2) and nuclear factor E2‑related factor 2 mRNA, lipid peroxidation and intracellular antioxidant level of keratinocytes were analyzed. It was demonstrated that UV radiation inhibited the proliferation of cells apart from following exposure to low dose (1 J/cm2) UVA. Medium dose (5 J/cm2) UVA radiation had no adverse effects on lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant levels in HaCaT cells. Medium (200 mJ/cm2) and high (400 mJ/cm2) doses of UVB radiation induced cellular damage due to increased lipid peroxidation as indicated by levels of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, A375 co‑culture treatment induced a similar effect on the lipid peroxidation of HaCaT as with low dose UVB radiation. Therefore, the results of the present study determined that clinical doses of BB‑UVA and NB‑UVB radiation had varying effects on proliferation and related protein levels in HaCaT cells. Co‑culture with A375 had similar effects as those of low dose UVA and UVB radiation, in which the PAR‑2 expression was significantly upregulated.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Njoo MD, Spuls PI, Bos JD, Westerhof W and Bossuyt PM: Nonsurgical repigmentation therapies in vitiligo-Meta-analysis of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 134:1532–1540. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ezzedine K, Eleftheriadou V, Whitton M and van Geel N: Vitiligo. Lancet. 386:74–84. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chu ECY: Treatment of vitiligo: Medical treatment, phototherapy and surgical treatment. Hong Kong J Dermatol Venereol. 23:113–117. 2015.

4 

Kanwar AJ, Dogra S, Parsad D and Kumar B: Narrow-band UVB for the treatment of vitiligo: An emerging effective and well-tolerated therapy. Int J Dermatol. 44:57–60. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wu CS, Yu CL, Wu CS, Lan CCE and Yu HS: Narrow-band ultraviolet-B stimulates proliferation and migration of cultured melanocytes. Exp Dermatol. 13:755–763. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

El Mofty M, Bosseila M, Mashaly HM, Gawdat H and Makaly H: Broadband ultraviolet A vs. psoralen ultraviolet A in the treatment of vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Dermatol. 38:830–835. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Huang XX, Bernerd F and Halliday GM: Ultraviolet a within sunlight induces mutations in the epidermal basal layer of engineered human skin. Am J Pathol. 174:1534–1543. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Yasui H and Sakurai H: Chemiluminescent detection and imaging of reactive oxygen species in live mouse skin exposed to UVA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 269:131–136. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

He YY and Häder DP: UV-B-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.: Protective effects of ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. J Photochem Photobiol B. 66:115–124. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Swalwell H, Latimer J, Haywood RM and Birch-Machin MA: Investigating the role of melanin in UVA/UVB-and hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial DNA damage in human melanoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 52:626–634. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Pelle E, Mammone T, Maes D and Frenkel K: Keratinocytes act as a source of reactive oxygen species by transferring hydrogen peroxide to melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 124:793–797. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Sravani PV, Babu NK, Gopal KV, Rao GR, Rao AR, Moorthy B and Rao TR: Determination of oxidative stress in vitiligo by measuring superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in vitiliginous and non-vitiliginous skin. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 75:268–271. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Chui DH, Tang W and Orkin SH: cDNA cloning of murine Nrf 2 gene, coding for a p45 NF-E2 related transcription factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 209:40–46. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

McMahon M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M and Hayes JD: Keap1-dependent proteasomal degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to the negative regulation of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression. J Biol Chem. 278:21592–21600. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Ishii T, Igarashi K, Engel JD and Yamamoto M: Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain. Genes Dev. 13:76–86. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Déry O, Corvera CU, Steinhoff M and Bunnett NW: Proteinase-activated receptors: Novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases. Am J Physiol. 274:C1429–C1452. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Moretti S, Nassini R, Prignano F, Pacini A, Materazzi S, Naldini A, Simoni A, Baroni G, Pellerito S, Filippi I, et al: Protease-activated receptor-2 downregulation is associated to vitiligo lesions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 22:335–338. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Rattenholl A and Steinhoff M: Proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the skin: Receptor expression, activation and function during health and disease. Drug News Perspect. 21:369–381. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hachem JP, Houben E, Crumrine D, Man MQ, Schurer N, Roelandt T, Choi EH, Uchida Y, Brown BE, Feingold KR and Elias PM: Serine protease signaling of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol. 126:2074–2086. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hachem JP, Man MQ, Crumrine D, Uchida Y, Brown BE, Rogiers V, Roseeuw D, Feingold KR and Elias PM: Sustained serine proteases activity by prolonged increase in pH leads to degradation of lipid processing enzymes and profound alterations of barrier function and stratum corneum integrity. J Invest Dermatol. 125:510–520. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Steinhoff M, Corvera CU, Thoma MS, Kong W, McAlpine BE, Caughey GH, Ansel JC and Bunnett NW: Proteinase-activated receptor-2 in human skin: Tissue distribution and activation of keratinocytes by mast cell tryptase. Exp Dermatol. 8:282–294. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Steinhoff M, Neisius U, Ikoma A, Fartasch M, Heyer G, Skov PS, Luger TA and Schmelz M: Proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates itch: A novel pathway for pruritus in human skin. J Neurosci. 23:6176–6180. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Scott G, Deng A, Rodriguez-Burford C, Seiberg M, Han R, Babiarz L, Grizzle W, Bell W and Pentland A: Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol. 117:1412–1420. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sasaki M, Horikoshi T, Uchiwa H and Miyachi Y: Up-regulation of tyrosinase gene by nitric oxide in human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 13:248–252. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Roméro-Graillet C, Aberdam E, Clément M, Ortonne JP and Ballotti R: Nitric oxide produced by ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis. J Clin Invest. 99:635–642. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

El-Mofty M, Mostafa W, Youssef R, El-Fangary M, El-Ramly A, Mahgoub D, Fawzy M and El-Hawary M: BB-UVA vs. NB-UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: A randomized controlled clinical study (single blinded). Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 29:239–246. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ohkawa H, Ohishi N and Yagi K: Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 95:351–358. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Plaa GL and Witschi H: Chemicals, drugs, and lipid peroxidation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 16:125–142. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Roelandts R: Photo (chemo) therapy for vitiligo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 19:1–4. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wang HT, Choi B and Tang MS: Melanocytes are deficient in repair of oxidative DNA damage and UV-induced photoproducts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:pp. 12180–12185. 2010; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Roméro-Graillet C, Aberdam E, Clément M, Ortonne JP and Ballotti R: Nitric oxide produced by ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis. J Clin Invest. 99:635–642. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

He YY, Pi J, Huang JL, Diwan BA, Waalkes MP and Chignell CF: Chronic UVA irradiation of human HaCaT keratinocytes induces malignant transformation associated with acquired apoptotic resistance. Oncogene. 25:3680–3688. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

He YY, Huang JL and Chignell CF: Delayed and sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human keratinocytes by UVA: Implications in carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem. 279:53867–53874. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lehmann J, Pollet D, Peker S, Steinkraus V and Hoppe U: Kinetics of DNA strand breaks and protection by antioxidants in UVA- or UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutat Res. 407:97–108. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hirota A, Kawachi Y, Itoh K, Nakamura Y, Xu X, Banno T, Takahashi T, Yamamoto M and Otsuka F: Ultraviolet A irradiation induces NF-E2-related factor 2 activation in dermal fibroblasts: Protective role in UVA-induced apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol. 124:825–832. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Hseu YC, Chou CW, Senthil Kumar KJ, Fu KT, Wang HM, Hsu LS, Kuo YH, Wu CR, Chen SC and Yang HL: Ellagic acid protects human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells against UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf-2 antioxidant genes. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:1245–1255. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kimura S, Warabi E, Yanagawa T, Ma D, Itoh K, Ishii Y, Kawachi Y and Ishii T: Essential role of Nrf2 in keratinocyte protection from UVA by quercetin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 387:109–114. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Marrot L, Jones C, Perez P and Meunier JR: The significance of Nrf2 pathway in (photo)-oxidative stress response in melanocytes and keratinocytes of the human epidermis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21:79–88. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Bhatnagar A, Kanwar A, Parsad D and De D: Comparison of systemic PUVA and NB-UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: An open prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 21:638–642. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Armstrong BK and Kricker A: The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B. 63:8–18. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Rhodes LE, Belgi G, Parslew R, McLoughlin L, Clough GF and Friedmann PS: Ultraviolet-B-induced erythema is mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 in combination. J Invest Dermatol. 117:880–885. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Brash DE, Ziegler A, Jonason AS, Simon JA, Kunala S and Leffell DJ: Sunlight and sunburn in human skin cancer: p53, apoptosis, and tumor promotion. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 1:136–142. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Faraonio R, Vergara P, Di Marzo D, Pierantoni MG, Napolitano M, Russo T and Cimino F: p53 suppresses the Nrf2-dependent transcription of antioxidant response genes. J Biol Chem. 281:39776–39784. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Rushworth SA, Zaitseva L, Murray MY, Shah NM, Bowles KM and MacEwan DJ: The high Nrf2 expression in human acute myeloid leukemia is driven by NF-κB and underlies its chemo-resistance. Blood. 120:5188–5198. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Joshi PG, Nair N, Begum G, Joshi NB, Sinkar VP and Vora S: Melanocyte-keratinocyte interaction induces calcium signalling and melanin transfer to keratinocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 20:380–384. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Scott G, Deng A, Rodriguez-Burford C, Seiberg M, Han R, Babiarz L, Grizzle W, Bell W and Pentland A: Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol. 117:1412–1420. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Paine C, Sharlow E, Liebel F, Eisinger M, Shapiro S and Seiberg M: An alternative approach to depigmentation by soybean extracts via inhibition of the PAR-2 pathway. J Invest Dermatol. 116:587–595. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Lerner DJ, Chen M, Tram T and Coughlin SR: Agonist recognition by proteinase-activated receptor 2 and thrombin receptor. Importance of extracellular loop interactions for receptor function. J Biol Chem. 271:13943–13947. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Molino M, Barnathan ES, Numerof R, Clark J, Dreyer M, Cumashi A, Hoxie JA, Schechter N, Woolkalis M and Brass LF: Interactions of mast cell tryptase with thrombin receptors and PAR-2. J Biol Chem. 272:4043–4049. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Molino M, Woolkalis MJ, Reavey-Cantwell J, Praticó D, Andrade-Gordon P, Barnathan ES and Brass LF: Endothelial cell thrombin receptors and PAR-2. Two protease-activated receptors located in a single cellular environment. J Biol Chem. 272:11133–11141. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Scott G, Leopardi S, Parker L, Babiarz L, Seiberg M and Han R: The proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates phagocytosis in a Rho-dependent manner in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 121:529–541. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tang L, Wu W, Fu W and Hu Y: The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 15: 3459-3466, 2018.
APA
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., & Hu, Y. (2018). The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 3459-3466. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5807
MLA
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., Hu, Y."The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.4 (2018): 3459-3466.
Chicago
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., Hu, Y."The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 3459-3466. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5807
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tang L, Wu W, Fu W and Hu Y: The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 15: 3459-3466, 2018.
APA
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., & Hu, Y. (2018). The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 3459-3466. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5807
MLA
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., Hu, Y."The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.4 (2018): 3459-3466.
Chicago
Tang, L., Wu, W., Fu, W., Hu, Y."The effects of phototherapy and melanocytes on keratinocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 3459-3466. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5807
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team