Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2018 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Feng‑Bin Lu
    • En‑De Hu
    • Lan‑Man Xu
    • Yi‑Bing Hu
    • Lu Chen
    • Jin‑Lu Wu
    • Hui Li
    • Da‑Zhi Chen
    • Yong‑Ping Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Medicine School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4838-4850
    |
    Published online on: April 13, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6063
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The most suitable treatment regimen for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adults remains unknown and requires further investigation. The current study therefore aimed to integrate evidence to provide hierarchies of the comparative efficacies of treatments measured by clinical and biochemical remission. A Bayesian‑framework network meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was preformed to compare eight treatments for AIH. Eligible RCTs were identified by searching Embase, Pubmed and the Cochrane Library for publications between 1966 and April 2017. All outcomes were independently extracted from the included studies by two authors. A total of six RCTs were subsequently included in the current study. The network of comparisons on remission indicated that patients treated with prednisone (pred) experienced significantly increased rates of remission compared with those treated with azathioprine [AZA; odds ratio (OR), 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.06‑0.71] and budesonide (bude) + AZA significantly increased remission compared with placebo treatment (OR, 36.66; 95% CI, 1.40‑962.49) or AZA (OR, 10.30; 95% CI, 1.50‑70.70). Based on the cumulative ranking probabilities, bude + AZA (89.4) was ranked first, pred (69.1) was ranked second, pred + AZA (63.2) was ranked third and placebo (7.8) treatment was ranked last. Bude + AZA may be the most appropriate candidate for the treatment of non‑cirrhotic patients. However, bude + AZA as frontline therapy for AIH requires more large‑scale studies with a longer duration of follow‑up histology and a focus on dose‑response. Additionally, development of other prospective treatments, which may be used as alternative therapy or first line therapy, and their subsequent evaluation in clinical RCTs is required.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, Krawitt EL, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D and Vierling JM: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 51:2193–2213. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Heneghan MA, Yeoman AD, Verma S, Smith AD and Longhi MS: Autoimmune hepatitis. Lancet. 382:1433–1444. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Gleeson D and Heneghan MA: British Society of Gastroenterology: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis. Gut. 60:1611–1629. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Selvarajah V, Montano-Loza AJ and Czaja AJ: Systematic review: Managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 36:691–707. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Zachou K, Gatselis N, Papadamou G, Rigopoulou EI and Dalekos GN: Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: Prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-naïve patients. J Hepatol. 55:636–646. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Czaja AJ, Wang KK, Shiels MT and Katzmann JA: Oral pulse prednisone therapy after relapse of severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. A prospective randomized treatment trial evaluating clinical, biochemical, and lymphocyte subset responses. J Hepatol. 17:180–186. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA and Lindor KD: Ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy for problematic type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: A randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial. Hepatology. 30:1381–1386. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Van Thiel DH, Wright H, Carroll P, Abu-Elmagd K, Rodriguez-Rilo H, McMichael J, Irish W and Starzl TE: Tacrolimus: A potential new treatment for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: Results of an open-label preliminary trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 90:771–776. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Cook GC, Mulligan R and Sherlock S: Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis. Q J Med. 40:159–185. 1971. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Soloway RD, Summerskill WH, Baggenstoss AH, Geall MG, Gitnićk GL, Elveback IR and Schoenfield LJ: Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: A controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology. 63:820–833. 1972.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Murray-Lyon IM, Stern RB and Williams R: Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis. Lancet. 1:735–737. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Summerskill WH, Korman MG, Ammon HV and Baggenstoss AH: Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: Dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared. Gut. 16:876–883. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Tage-Jensen U, Schlichting P, Aldershvile J, Andersen P, Dietrichson O, Hardt F, Mathiesen LR and Nielsen JO: Azathioprine versus prednisone in non-alcoholic chronic liver disease (CLD). Relation to a serological classification. Liver. 2:95–103. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Manns MP, Woynarowski M, Kreisel W, Lurie Y, Rust C, Zuckerman E, Bahr MJ, Günther R, Hultcrantz RW, Spengler U, et al: Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 139:1198–1206. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Nikfam S, Karimian S, Khashayar P and Malekzadeh R: Cyclosporine-a versus prednisolone for induction of remission in auto-immune hepatitis: Interim analysis report of a randomized controlled trial. Middle East J Dig Dis. 5:193–200. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, Raknerud N, Stiris M and Bell H: Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 33:99–103. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Werner M, Prytz H, Ohlsson B, Almer S, Björnsson E, Bergquist A, Wallerstedt S, Sandberg-Gertzén H, Hultcrantz R, Sangfelt P, et al: Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: A nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 43:1232–1240. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Caldwell DM, Ades AE and Higgins JP: Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: Combining direct and indirect evidence. BMJ. 331:897–900. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Johnson PJ and Mcfarlane IG: Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Hepatology. 18:998–1005. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L and Sterne JA: Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group: The cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 343:d59282011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chaimani A, Higgins JP, Mavridis D, Spyridonos P and Salanti G: Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PLoS One. 8:e766542013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chen LX, Li YL, Ning GZ, Li Y, Wu QL, Guo JX, Shi HY, Wang XB, Zhou Y and Feng SQ: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of three treatments in old people with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A network meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 10:e01231532015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Sogo T, Fujisawa T, Inui A, Komatsu H, Etani Y, Tajiri H, Waki K, Shimizu Y, Nakashima S, Imagawa T and Yokota S: Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy for children with autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res. 34:187–192. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Woynarowski M, Nemeth A, Baruch Y, Koletzko S, Melter M, Rodeck B, Strassburg CP, Pröls M, Woźniak M and Manns MP: European Autoimmune Hepatitis-Budesonide Study Group: Budesonide versus prednisone with azathioprine for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 163:1347–1353.e1. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cuarterolo M, Ciocca M, López S, López V, Araujo M and Alvarez F: Initial treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in children: Neoral cyclosporine versus prednisone plus azathioprine. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr. 63:S562016.

26 

Waisbourd-Zinman O, Hilmara D, Lin HC and Rand E: Steroid free treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in selected children. Hepatol. 63:354A–355A. 2016.

27 

Stern RB, Wilkinson SP, Howorth PJ and Williams R: Controlled trial of synthetic D-penicillamine and prednisone in maintenance therapy for active chronic hepatitis. Gut. 18:19–22. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hegarty JE, Aria Nouri KT, Eddleston AL and Williams R: Controlled trial of a thymic hormone extract (Thymostimulin) in ‘autoimmune’ chronic active hepatitis. Gut. 25:279–283. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Stellon AJ, Hegarty JE, Portmann B and Williams R: Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lancet. 1:668–670. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Stellon AJ, Keating JJ, Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG and Williams R: Maintenance of remission in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with azathioprine after corticosteroid withdrawal. Hepatology. 8:781–784. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mucenic M, Mello ES and Cançado EL: Chloroquine for the maintenance of remission of autoimmune hepatitis: Results of a pilot study. Arq Gastroenterol. 42:249–255. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Chi XL, Xiao HM, Xie YB, Cai GS, Jiang JM, Tian GJ, Shi MJ, Wu SD, Zhao PT and Chen HJ: Protocol of a prospective study for the combination treatment of Shu-Gan-jian-Pi decoction and steroid standard therapy in autoimmune hepatitis patients. BMC Complement Altern Med. 16:5052016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Cai X, Weng HH and Miao LY: Yinzhihuang injection for treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis: Clinical efficacy and impact on hepatic fibrosis indexes. World Chin J Digestol. 25:726–731. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Imanieh MH, Khatami G and Ghavanini AA: Comparison of prednisolone alone and in combination with azathioprine regimens in treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: A prospective study. Iranian J Med Sci. 25:67–71. 2000.

35 

Gleeson D: Standard treatment in adults: Which steroid? Or without steroids? Digest Dis (Basel, Switzerland). 33 Suppl 2:S75–S82. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Cropley A and Weltman M: The use of immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis: A current literature review. Clin Mol Hepatol. 23:22–26. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Czaja AJ: Current and future treatments of autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3:269–291. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Czaja AJ: Drug choices in autoimmune hepatitis: Part A-steroids. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6:603–615. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Czaja AJ: Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis: Part I. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 11:337–350. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Czaja AJ and Lindor KD: Failure of budesonide in a pilot study of treatment-dependent autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 119:1312–1316. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Peiseler M, Liebscher T, Pannicke N, Sebode M, Zenouzi R, Hartl J, Ehlken H, Weiler-Normann C, Lohse AW and Schramm C: Budesonide for autoimmune hepatitis: Response rate and limitations in a large real life cohort. J hepatol. 62 Suppl 2:S2332015. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Danielsson A and Prytz H: Oral budesonide for treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 8:585–590. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Czaja AJ: Current and prospective pharmacotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 15:1715–1736. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Anderka MT, Lin AE, Abuelo DN, Mitchell AA and Rasmussen SA: Reviewing the evidence for mycophenolate mofetil as a new teratogen: Case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 149A:1241–1248. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Efe C, Hagström H, Bhanji RA, Müller NF, Wang Q, Purnak T, Muratori L, Werner M, Marschall HU, Muratori P, et al: Tacrolimus or mycophenylate mofetil as a second-line therapeutic options in patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: An international multicentre observational study. AASLD. 62:1095522015.

46 

Zachou K, Gatselis N, Gabeta S, Saitis A, Koukoulis G and Dalekos GN: P1138: Long-term outcome of patients with autoimmune hepatitis receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as first line treatment. J Hepatol. 62 Suppl 2:S778–S779. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Gazzola A, Lim R, Strasser S, Nicoll A, Mitchell J, Siow W, Khoo T, Hamarneh Z, Weltman M, Janko N, et al: Mycophenolate in autoimmune hepatitis not responsive or intolerant to standard therapy: The TAPESTRY study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Australia). 31:100–101. 2016.

48 

Gazzola A, Lim R, Strasser SI, Nicoll A, Mitchell J, Siow W, Khoo TS, Hamarneh Z, Weltman M, Janko N, et al: Mycophenolate mofetil in autoimmune hepatitis patients not responsive or intolerant to standard therapy: The Australian tapestry study. Hepatology. 63:817A2016.

49 

Kostyrko O, Shumilov P and Shigoleva N: Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in children. J hepatol. 64:S6402016. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Park SW, Um SH, Lee HA, Kim SH, Sim Y, Yim SY, Seo YS and Ryu HS: Mycophenolate mofetil as an alternative treatment for autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol. 22:281–285. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Zachou K, Gatselis NK, Arvaniti P, Gabeta S, Rigopoulou EI, Koukoulis GK and Dalekos GN: A real-world study focused on the long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 43:1035–1047. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Haridy J, Nicoll A and Sood S: Methotrexate therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Jul 12–2017.(Epub ahead of print).

53 

Hübener S, Oo YH, Than NN, Hübener P, Weiler-Normann C, Lohse AW and Schramm C: Efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine as second-line treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis and azathioprine intolerance. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 14:445–453. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Deswal S and Srivastava A: Role of allopurinol in optimizing thiopurine therapy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A review. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 7:55–62. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Terrabuio DR, De Moraes Falcao LT, Ono SK, Diniz MA, Carrilho FJ and Cancado E: Allopurinol is safe and effective to achieve biochemical and histological remission in patients with autoimmune hepatitis with incomplete therapeutic response. J Hepatol. 64 Suppl:S4352016. View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Marlaka JR, Papadogiannakis N, Fischler B, Casswall TH, Beijer E and Németh A: Tacrolimus without or with the addition of conventional immunosuppressive treatment in juvenile autoimmune hepatitis. Acta Paediatr. 101:993–999. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Than NN, Wiegard C, Mann J, Fussel K, Hirschfield G, Lohse AW, Adams D, Schramm C and Oo YH: Tacrolimus is safe and effective in patients with resistant type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 62:S805–S806. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Than NN, Wiegard C, Weiler-Normann C, Weiler-Normann C, Füssel K, Mann J, Hodson J, Hirschfield GM, Lohse AW, Adams DH, et al: Long-term follow-up of patients with difficult to treat type 1 autoimmune hepatitis on Tacrolimus therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 51:329–336. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Al Taii H, Hanouneh MA, Hanouneh I, Lopez R, Zein N and Alkhouri N: The use of tacrolimus in refractory autoimmune hepatitis in children and adults: A single center experience. Scand J Gastroenterol. 52:157–158. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Ytting H and Larsen FS: Everolimus treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis and poor response to standard therapy and drug alternatives in use. Scand J Gastroenterol. 50:1025–1031. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Torisu Y, Nakano M, Takano K, Nakagawa R, Saeki C, Hokari A, Ishikawa T, Saruta M and Zeniya M: Clinical usefulness of ursodeoxycholic acid for Japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis. World J Hepatol. 9:57–63. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Efe C, Hagstrom H, Ytting H, Bhanji RA, Müller NF, Wang Q, Purnak T, Muratori L, Werner M, Marschall HU, et al: Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Tacrolimus as Second-line Therapy for Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15:1950–1956. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Baven-Pronk AM, Coenraad MJ, van Buuren HR, de Man RA, van Erpecum KJ, Lamers MM, Drenth JP, van den Berg AP, Beuers UH, den Ouden J, et al: The role of mycophenolate mofetil in the management of autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 34:335–343. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Czaja AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis: Focusing on treatments other than steroids. Can J Gastroenterol. 26:615–620. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Czaja AJ: Drug choices in autoimmune hepatitis: Part B-Nonsteroids. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6:617–635. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Kurowski J, Melin-Aldana H, Bass L, Alonso EM and Ekong UD: Sirolimus as rescue therapy in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 58:e4–e6. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Chatrath H, Allen L and Boyer TD: Use of sirolimus in the treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Med. 127:1128–1131. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Ikejima K, Yaginuma R, Kon K, Aoyama T, Uchiyama A, Yamashina S and Watanabe S: Efficacy of denosumab on progression of osteoporosis in autoimmune liver diseases. Hepatol (Baltimore, Md). 63:201A2016.

69 

Gautam N, Than NN, Nizamuddin M, Adams D and Oo YH: PTU-123 use of rituximab in resistant autoimmune hepatitis-Birmingham experience. Gut. 63:A932014. View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Weiler-Normann C, Schramm C, Quaas A, Wiegard C, Glaubke C, Pannicke N, Möller S and Lohse AW: Infliximab as a rescue treatment in difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 58:529–534. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Dhirapong A, Yang GX, Nadler S, Zhang W, Tsuneyama K, Leung P, Knechtle S, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Liu FT, et al: Therapeutic effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4/immunoglobulin on a murine model of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 57:708–715. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Killestein J: Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 347:1116–1117. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Czaja AJ: Challenges in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Can J Gastroenterol. 27:531–539. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Lapierre P, Béland K, Yang R and Alvarez F: Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells in an autoimmune hepatitis murine model restores peripheral tolerance. Hepatology. 57:217–227. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Blumenfeld HJ, Tohn R, Haeryfar SM, Liu Y, Savage PB and Delovitch TL: Structure-guided design of an invariant natural killer T cell agonist for optimum protection from type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 166:121–133. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Czaja AJ: The prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (Review). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 39:385–406. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Yellin M, Paliienko I, Balanescu A, Ter-Vartanian S, Tseluyko V, Xu LA, Tao X, Cardarelli PM, Leblanc H, et al: A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of MDX-1100, a fully human anti-CXCL10 monoclonal antibody, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 64:1730–1739. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Anstee QM, Concas D, Kudo H, Levene A, Pollard J, Charlton P, Thomas HC, Thursz MR and Goldin RD: Impact of pan-caspase inhibition in animal models of established steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 53:542–550. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, Hu YB, Chen L, Wu JL, Li H, Chen DZ and Chen YP: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 15: 4838-4850, 2018.
APA
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J. ... Chen, Y. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 4838-4850. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6063
MLA
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Li, H., Chen, D., Chen, Y."Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.6 (2018): 4838-4850.
Chicago
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Li, H., Chen, D., Chen, Y."Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 6 (2018): 4838-4850. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6063
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lu FB, Hu ED, Xu LM, Hu YB, Chen L, Wu JL, Li H, Chen DZ and Chen YP: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 15: 4838-4850, 2018.
APA
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J. ... Chen, Y. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 4838-4850. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6063
MLA
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Li, H., Chen, D., Chen, Y."Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.6 (2018): 4838-4850.
Chicago
Lu, F., Hu, E., Xu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, L., Wu, J., Li, H., Chen, D., Chen, Y."Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 6 (2018): 4838-4850. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6063
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team