Anti‑diarrheal effect of Scutellaria baicalensis is associated with suppression of smooth muscle in the rat colon

Kim,Hyun  Ju; La,Jun‑Ho; Kim,Hee  Man; Yang,Il‑Suk; Sung,Tae  Sik

doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7469

Anti‑diarrheal effect of Scutellaria baicalensis is associated with suppression of smooth muscle in the rat colon

Authors:
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Jun‑Ho La
- Hee Man Kim
- Il‑Suk Yang
- Tae Sik Sung
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Affiliations: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557‑0357, USA
Published online on: April 5, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7469
Pages: 4748-4756

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Abstract

Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) has been used to manage diarrhea, and its anti‑inflammatory effects are responsible for anti‑diarrheal effects. However, there are no data concerning its direct effect on colonic motility. Therefore, the effects of the major components of S. baicalensis (baicalin, baicalein and wogonin) on colonic motility were investigated. A segment of the distal colon of rats was placed in Krebs solution to monitor spontaneous giant contractions (GCs). Changes in GCs were recorded after applying baicalin, baicalein or wogonin. After pretreatment with Nω‑nitro‑L‑arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L‑NAME), 1H‑(1,2,4)‑oxadiazolo (4,2‑a) quinoxalin‑1‑one (ODQ), tetradotoxin, w‑conotoxin, apamin, and iberiotoxin, changes in GCs by wogonin were recorded and analyzed. The segment of the distal colon showed spontaneous GCs at a mean amplitude of 3.7±0.3 g with a frequency of 0.8±0.1/min. Baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin reduced both the amplitude and the frequency of GCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Wogonin had the most potent inhibitory effect on GCs (IC50 was 14.6 µM in amplitude and 14.2 µM in frequency). Wogonin‑induced GC reduction was not significantly affected by the inhibition of nitric oxide/cGMP pathways with L‑NAME and ODQ. Blocking the enteric neurotransmission with tetradotoxin and ω‑conotoxin was ineffective on the wogonin‑induced reduction of GCs. Ca2+‑activated K+ (KCa) channel blockers (apamin and iberiotoxin) significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of wogonin on GCs (P<0.01). Wogonin was effective in inhibiting colonic motility, probably through the opening of KCa channels located in the smooth muscle apparatus. These findings suggest that wogonin may be a candidate drug for the management of dysmotility‑related diarrhea.

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