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Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects

  • Authors:
    • Yuan Cao
    • Xiao‑Yan Sun
    • Ming Zhong
    • Li Li
    • Mei Zhang
    • Ming‑Jie Lin
    • Yu‑Ke Zhang
    • Gui‑Hua Jiang
    • Wei Zhang
    • Yuan‑Yuan Shang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Cao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4379-4388
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    Published online on: April 19, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7507
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Abstract

The present study investigated the role of energy loss assessed by vector flow mapping (VFM) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). VFM analysis was performed in 42 patients with HCM and in 40 control subjects, which were matched for age, sex and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. The intra‑LV and left atrial blood flow were obtained from the apical 3‑chamber view, and the energy loss (EL) during the systolic and diastolic phases was calculated. The measurements were averaged over three cardiac cycles and indexed to body surface area. Compared with the controls, the left ventricular energy loss (LVEL)‑total value was significantly decreased in patients with HCM during the diastolic phase (P1, P2 and P3; all P<0.05). A tendency for increased systolic LVEL‑total values was observed in the patients with HCM compared with the controls (P>0.05). LVEL‑base values were decreased in the patients with HCM during P1 and P2 (slow filling time). Compared with the controls, patients with HCM had lower LVEL‑mid values during the diastolic phases (P0, P1, P2 and P3; all P<0.05). However, the LVEL‑mid value of patients with HCM was higher compared with that of the controls during systolic P5 (P<0.05). LVEL‑apex was decreased in patients with HCM during P0, P2 and P3. Compared with the controls, the left atrial energy loss (LAEL) of all three phases in patients with HCM were lower (each P<0.01). The diastolic LVEL values were significantly lower in patients with HCM compared with the controls; however, the systolic LVEL levels tended to be higher in HCM. The LAEL of the reservoir phase, conduit phase and atrial systolic phase were decreased in HCM compared with controls. The present study demonstrated that measurement of EL by VFM is a sensitive method of determining subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with HCM. The value of EL has been considered to be a quantitative parameter for the estimation of the efficiency of intraventricular blood flow.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cao Y, Sun XY, Zhong M, Li L, Zhang M, Lin MJ, Zhang YK, Jiang GH, Zhang W, Shang YY, Shang YY, et al: Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects. Exp Ther Med 17: 4379-4388, 2019.
APA
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M. ... Shang, Y. (2019). Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 4379-4388. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7507
MLA
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, G., Zhang, W., Shang, Y."Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.6 (2019): 4379-4388.
Chicago
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, G., Zhang, W., Shang, Y."Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 6 (2019): 4379-4388. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7507
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cao Y, Sun XY, Zhong M, Li L, Zhang M, Lin MJ, Zhang YK, Jiang GH, Zhang W, Shang YY, Shang YY, et al: Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects. Exp Ther Med 17: 4379-4388, 2019.
APA
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M. ... Shang, Y. (2019). Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17, 4379-4388. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7507
MLA
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, G., Zhang, W., Shang, Y."Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17.6 (2019): 4379-4388.
Chicago
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Li, L., Zhang, M., Lin, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, G., Zhang, W., Shang, Y."Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 17, no. 6 (2019): 4379-4388. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7507
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