Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 18 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 18 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Yu Peng
    • Li Li
    • Xin Zhang
    • Mingyan Xie
    • Congying Yang
    • Sha Tu
    • Hong Shen
    • Gaoyun Hu
    • Lijian Tao
    • Huixiang Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China, Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China, Department of Endoscopy Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China, Department of Nephropathy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Peng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 41-48
    |
    Published online on: May 6, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7548
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present research was to study the therapeutic impacts of fluorofenidone (AKF‑PD) on pig serum (PS)‑induced liver fibrosis in rats and the complex molecular mechanisms of its effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, PS and PS/AKF‑PD treatment groups. The activated human HSC LX‑2 cell line was also treated with AKF‑PD. The expression of collagen I and III, and α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA) was determined by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). Western blotting and/or RT‑qPCR analyses were used to determine the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1, α‑SMA, collagen I, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)‑3, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK). AKF‑PD attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis and liver injury in vivo, which was associated with the downregulation of collagen I and III, and α‑SMA at the mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, AKF‑PD treatment significantly reduced the TGF‑β1‑induced activation of HSCs, as determined by the reduction in collagen I and α‑SMA protein expression. The TGF‑β1‑induced upregulation of the phosphorylation of Smad 3, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK was attenuated by AKF‑PD treatment. These findings suggested that AKF‑PD attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by suppressing HSCs activation via the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways, and therefore that AKF‑PD may be suitable for use as a novel therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Bataller R and Brenner DA: Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 115:209–218. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Friedman SL and Bansal MB: Reversal of hepatic fibrosis e fact or fantasy? Hepatology 43(2 Suppl 1). S82–S88. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Parola M and Robino G: Oxidative stress-related molecules and liver fibrosis. J Hepatol. 35:297–306. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Balta C, Herman H, Boldura OM, Gasca I, Rosu M, Ardelean A and Hermenean A: Chrysin attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 240:94–101. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Williams E and Iredale J: Hepatic regeneration and TGF-beta: Growing to a prosperous perfection. Gut. 46:593–594. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Xu J, Lamouille S and Derynck R: TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Res. 19:156–172. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Peng Y, Yang H, Wang N, Ouyang Y, Yi Y, Liao L, Shen H, Hu G, Wang Z and Tao L: Fluorofenidone attenuates hepatic fibrosis by suppressing the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 306:253–263. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Peng Y, Yang H, Zhu T, Zhao M, Deng Y, Liu B, Shen H, Hu G, Wang Z and Tao L: The antihepatic fibrotic effects of fluorofenidone via MAPK signalling pathways. Eur J Clin Invest. 43:358–368. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tang Y, Zhang F, Huang L, Yuan Q, Qin J, Li B, Wang N, Xie Y, Wang L, Wang W, et al: The protective mechanism of fluorofenidone in renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Am J Med Sci. 350:195–203. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Song C, He L, Zhang J, Ma H, Yuan X, Hu G, Tao L, Zhang J and Meng J: Fluorofenidone attenuates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via inhibiting the activation of NALP3 inflammasome and IL-1β/IL-1R1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 20:2064–2077. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Chen LX, Yang K, Sun M, Chen Q, Wang ZH, Hu GY and Tao LJ: Fluorofenidone inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1-induced cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. Pharmazie. 67:452–456. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Xu L, Hui AY, Albanis E, Arthur MJ, O'Byrne SM, Blaner WS, Mukherjee P, Friedman SL and Eng FJ: Human hepatic stellate cell lines, LX-1 and LX-2: New tools for analysis of hepatic fibrosis. Gut. 54:142–151. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Paronetto F and Popper H: Chronic liver injury induced by immunologic reactions Cirrhosis following immunization with heterologous sera. Am J Pathol. 49:1087–1101. 1966.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Benedetti A, Di Sario A, Casini A, Ridolfi F, Bendia E, Pigini P, Tonnini C, D'Ambrosio L, Feliciangeli G, Macarri G and Svegliati-Baroni G: Inhibition of the NA(+)/H(+) exchanger reduces rat hepatic stellate cell activity and liver fibrosis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Gastroenterology. 120:545–556. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Di Sario A, Bendia E, Taffetani S, Marzioni M, Candelaresi C, Pigini P, Schindler U, Kleemann HW, Trozzi L, Macarri G and Benedetti A: Selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibition by cariporide reduces liver fibrosis in the rat. Hepatology. 37:256–266. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chevallier M, Guerret S, Chossegros P, Gerard F and Grimaud JA: A histological semi-quantitative scoring system for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in needle liver biopsy specimens: Comparison with morphometric studies. Hepatology. 20:349–355. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Pei H, Zhu H, Zeng S, Li Y, Yang H, Shen L, Chen J, Zeng L, Fan J, Li X, et al: Proteome analysis and tissue microarray for profiling protein markers associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. J Proteome Res. 6:2495–2501. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Broekema M, Harmsen MC, van Luyn MJ, Koerts JA, Petersen AH, van Kooten TG, van Goor H, Navis G and Popa ER: Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the renal interstitial myofibroblast population and produce procollagen I after ischemia/reperfusion in rats. J Am Soc Nephrol. 18:165–175. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Winer J, Jung CK, Shackel I and Williams PM: Development and validation of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for monitoring gene expression in cardiacmyocytes in vitro. Anal Biochem. 270:41–49. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Tsui HT, Wea LL, Zi HC, Lee YJ, Shie MS, Lee KF, Shen CH and Kuo HC: Moniliformediquinone as a potential therapeutic agent, inactivation of hepatic stellate cell and inhibition of liver fibrosis in vivo. J Transl Med. 14:2632016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ferrell LD and Kakar S: Liver Pathology. Demos Medical. (New York, NY). 2011.

22 

Saber S, Goda R, El-Tanbouly GS and Ezzat D: Lisinopril inhibits nuclear transcription factor kappa B and augments sensitivity to silymarin in experimental liver fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 64:340–349. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Domitrović R and Jakovac H: Effects of standardized bilberry fruit extract (Mirtoselect®) on resolution of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:848–854. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Tsai JH, Liu JY, Wu TT, Ho PC, Huang CY, Shyu JC, Hsieh YS, Tsai CC and Liu YC: Effects of silymarin on the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Viral Hepat. 15:508–514. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hernandez-Gea V and Friedman SL: Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 6:425–456. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhan L, Huang C, Meng XM, Song Y, Wu XQ, Yang Y and Li J: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in hepatic fibrosis: A promising therapeutic target. Biochimie. 108:1–7. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li J, Li X, Xu W, Wang S, Hu Z, Zhang Q, Deng X, Wang J, Zhang J and Guo C: Antifibrotic effects of luteolin on hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis by targeting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K and TGFb/Smad signalling pathways. Liver Int. 35:1222–1233. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Park JH, Yoon J, Lee KY and Park B: Effects of geniposide on hepatocytes undergoing epitheliale-mesenchymal transition in hepatic fibrosis by targeting TGFb/Smad and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways. Biochimie. 113:26–34. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yang JH, Kim SC, Kim KM, Jang CH, Cho SS, Kim SJ, Ku SK, Cho IJ and Ki SH: Isorhamnetin attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling and relieving oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 783:92–102. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Friedman SL: Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury. J Biol Chem. 275:2247–2250. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Borkham-Kamphorst E, Herrmann J, Stoll D, Treptau J, Gressner AM and Weiskirchen R: Dominant-negative soluble PDGF-beta receptor inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and attenuates liver fibrosis. Lab Invest. 84:766–777. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tahashi Y, Matsuzaki K, Date M, Yoshida K, Furukawa F, Sugano Y, Matsushita M, Himeno Y, Inagaki Y and Inoue K: Differential regulation of TGF-beta signal in hepatic stellate cells between acute and chronic rat liver injury. Hepatology. 35:49–61. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Marra F, Galastri S, Aleffi S and Pinzani M: Stellate cells. Dufour JF and Clavien PA: Signaling pathways in liver diseases. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg). 2010.41–68

34 

Friedman SL: Mechanisms of disease: Mechanismsofhepatic fibrosis and therapeutic implications. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1:98–105. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gauldie J, Bonniaud P, Sime P, Ask K and Kolb M: TGF-beta, Smad3 and the process of progressive fibrosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 35:661–664. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Parsons CJ, Takashima M and Rippe RA: Molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 22 (Suppl 1):S79–S84. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Feng XH and Derynck R: Specificity and versatility in tgf-beta signaling through smads. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 21:659–693. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Cho HJ, Baek KE, Saika S, Jeong MJ and Yoo J: Snail is required for transforming growth factor-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating PI3 kinase/Akt signal pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 353:337–343. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Burch ML, Zheng W and Little PJ: Smad linker region phosphorylation in the regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 68:97–107. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Matsuura I, Wang G, He D and Liu F: Identification and characterization of ERK MAP kinase phosphorylation sites in Smad3. Biochemistry. 44:12546–12553. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kim YS, Kim J, Kim KM, Jung DH, Choi S, Kim CS and Kim JS: Myricetin inhibits advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced migration of retinal pericytes through phosphorylation of ERK1/2, FAK-1, and paxillin in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 93:496–505. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Lechuga CG, Hernández-Nazara ZH, Domínguez Rosales JA, Morris ER, Rincón AR, Rivas-Estilla AM, Esteban-Gamboa A and Rojkind M: TGF-beta1 modulates matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in hepatic stellate cells by complex mechanisms involving p38MAPK, PI3-kinase, AKT, and p70S6k. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 287:G974–G987. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Peng Y, Li L, Zhang X, Xie M, Yang C, Tu S, Shen H, Hu G, Tao L, Yang H, Yang H, et al: Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 18: 41-48, 2019.
APA
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S. ... Yang, H. (2019). Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7548
MLA
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S., Shen, H., Hu, G., Tao, L., Yang, H."Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.1 (2019): 41-48.
Chicago
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S., Shen, H., Hu, G., Tao, L., Yang, H."Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 1 (2019): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7548
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Peng Y, Li L, Zhang X, Xie M, Yang C, Tu S, Shen H, Hu G, Tao L, Yang H, Yang H, et al: Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 18: 41-48, 2019.
APA
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S. ... Yang, H. (2019). Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7548
MLA
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S., Shen, H., Hu, G., Tao, L., Yang, H."Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.1 (2019): 41-48.
Chicago
Peng, Y., Li, L., Zhang, X., Xie, M., Yang, C., Tu, S., Shen, H., Hu, G., Tao, L., Yang, H."Fluorofenidone affects hepatic stellate cell activation in hepatic fibrosis by targeting the TGF‑β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 1 (2019): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7548
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team