Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 18 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2019 Volume 18 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation

  • Authors:
    • Juuli Hannonen
    • Marja Perhomaa
    • Niina Salokorpi
    • Willy Serlo
    • Roberto Blanco Sequeiros
    • Jaakko Sinikumpu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland, Department of Radiology, Pediatric Imaging, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland, Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland, Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
  • Pages: 18-24
    |
    Published online on: May 9, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7565
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation or fixation (AARF) is a rare condition, usually occurring in pediatric patients. It mimics benign torticollis but may result in permanent disability or death. The condition requires prompt diagnosis by thorough examination to avoid any treatment delays. Spiral computed tomography (CT) with three‑dimensional reconstruction CT is recommended for identifying incongruence between C1 and C2 vertebrae, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to exclude ligamentous injuries. In addition to static imaging, dynamic CT involves the reduction between C1 and C2 being confirmed using CT with the head turned maximally to the left and right. The present report (level of evidence, III) provides a method for treating AARF that has similar advantages as dynamic CT but avoids ionizing radiation by replacing CT with interventional MRI. The new method comprised simultaneous axial traction and manual closed reduction, performed under general anesthesia, and the use of interventional MRI to ensure that reduction was achieved and held. The head is turned maximally to the right and left during the manual reduction. A rigid cervical collar was used following reduction. Dynamic CT was not required but prior diagnostic static CT was performed in preparation. No further CT was required. There appears to be no previous studies on interventional MRI in AARF care. Being superior in its diagnostic soft‑tissue visualization performance and lacking ionizing radiation, interventional MRI is a potential option for investigating and treating acute AARF in non‑syndromic patients with no trauma history.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Maheshwaran S, Sgouros S, Jeyapalan K, Chapman S, Chandy J and Flint G: Imaging of childhood torticollis due to atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. Child Nerv Sys. 11:667–671. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Fielding JW and Hawkins RJ: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. (Fixed rotatory subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 59:37–44. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Schwarz N: The fate of missed atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in children. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 117:288–289. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Tauchi R, Imagama S, Kanemura T, Yoshihara H, Sato K, Deguchi M, Kamiya M and Ishiguro N: The treatment of refractory atlanto-axial rotatory fixation using a halo vest: Results of a case series involving seven children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 93:1084–1087. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Osiro S, Tiwari KJ, Matusz P, Gielecki J, Tubbs RS and Loukas M: Grisel's syndrome: A comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history, and current treatment options. Child Nerv Syst. 28:821–825. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Hicazi A, Acaroglu E, Alanay A, Yazici M and Surat A: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation-subluxation revisited: A computed tomographic analysis of acute torticollis in pediatric patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 27:2771–2775. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Alanay A, Hicazi A, Acaroglu E, Yazici M, Aksoy C, Cila A, Akalan N and Surat A: Reliability and necessity of dynamic computerized tomography in diagnosis of atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. J Pediatr Orthop. 22:763–765. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Johnson DP and Fergusson CM: Early diagnosis of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 68:698–701. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Haque S, Bilal Shafi BB and Kaleem M: Imaging of torticollis in children. Radiographics. 32:557–571. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pang D: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Neurosurgery. 66 (Suppl 3):S161–S183. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Nicholson P, Higgins T, Forgarty E, Moore D and Dowling F: Three-dimensional spiral CT scanning in children with acute torticollis. Int Orthop. 23:47–50. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Dagtekin A, Avci E, Kara E, Uzmansel D, Dagtekin O, Koseoglu A, Talas D and Bagdatoglu C: Posterior cranial fossa morphometry in symptomatic adult Chiari I malformation patients: Comparative clinical and anatomical study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 113:399–403. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

McGuire KJ, Silber J, Flynn JM, Levine M and Dormans JP: Torticollis in children: Can dynamic computed tomography help determine severity and treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 22:766–770. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pang D and Li V: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: Part 2-new diagnostic paradigm and a new classification based on motion analysis using computed tomographic imaging. Neurosurgery. 57:941–953. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Subach BR, McLaughlin MR, Albright AL and Pollack IF: Current management of pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 23:2174–2179. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Maile S and Slongo T: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation: Realignment and discharge within 48 h. Eur J Emerg Med. 14:167–169. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Barcelos AC, Patriota GC and Netto AU: Nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation: Grisel syndrome. Case report and literature review. Global Spine J. 4:179–186. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Beier AD, Vachhrajani S, Bayerl SH, Aguilar CY, Lamberti-Pasculli M and Drake JM: Rotatory subluxation: Experience from the hospital for sick children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 9:144–148. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Mihara H, Onari K, Hachiya M, Toguchi A and Yamada K: Follow-up study of conservative treatment for atlantoaxial rotatory displacement. J Spinal Disord. 14:494–499. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mezue W, Taha Z and Bashir E: Fever and acquired torticollis in hospitalized children. J Laryngol Otol. 116:280–284. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ciftdemir M, Copuroğlu C, Ozcan M, Ulusam AO and Yalnız E: Non-operative treatment in children and adolescents with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Balkan Med J. 29:277–280. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Deichmueller C and Welkoborsky H: Grisel's syndrome-a rare complication following ‘small’ operations and infections in the ENT region. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 267:1467–1473. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lee SC, Lui TN and Lee ST: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in skeletally immature patients. Br J Neurosurg. 16:154–157. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Rahimi SY, Stevens EA, Yeh DJ, Flannery AM, Choudhri HF and Lee MR: Treatment of atlantoaxial instability in pediatric patients. Neurosurg Focus. 15:ECP12003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Been HD, Kerkhoffs GM and Maas M: Suspected atlantoaxial rotatory fixation-subluxation: The value of multidetector computed tomography scanning under general anesthesia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32:E163–E167. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Fernández Cornejo VJ, Martínez-Lage JF, Piqueras C, Gelabert A and Poza M: Inflammatory atlanto-axial subluxation (Grisel's syndrome) in children: Clinical diagnosis and management. Childs Nerv Syst. 19:342–347. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Holcomb JD, Jaffe DM, Greinwald JH Jr, Bauman NM and Smith RJ: Nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in the pediatric otolaryngology patient: A report of four cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 110:1137–1140. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Martinez-Lage J, Martinez Perez M, Fernandez Cornejo V and Poza M: Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in children: Early management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143:1223–1228. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ortiz GL, Pratts I and Ramos E: Grisel's syndrome: An unusual cause of torticollis. J Pediatr Rehabil Med:. 6:175–180. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Muñiz AE and Belfer RA: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 15:25–29. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Meek M, Hermens R and Robinson P: La maladie de Grisel: Spontaneous atlantoaxial subluxation. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 38:268–270. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Galer C, Holbrook E, Treves J and Leopold D: Grisel's syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 69:1689–1692. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Sobolewski BA, Mittiga MR and Reed JL: Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation after minor trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care. 24:852–856. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Pilge H, Prodinger PM, Bürklein D, Holzapfel BM and Lauen J: Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint as rare form of acquired torticollis: Diagnosis and clinical features of the Grisel's syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36:E747–E751. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wurm G, Aichholzer M and Nussbaumer K: Acquired torticollis due to Grisel's syndrome: Case report and follow-up of non-traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Neuropediatrics. 35:134–138. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Missori P, Miscusi M, Paolini S, DiBiasi C, Finocchi V, Peschillo S and Delfini R: A C1-2 locked facet in a child with atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: Case report. J Neurosurg. 103 (Suppl 6):S563–S566. 2005.

37 

Gourin CG, Kaper B, Abdu WA and Donegan JO: Nontraumatic atlanto-axial subluxation after retropharyngeal cellulitis: Grisel's syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol. 23:60–65. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Park SH, Park SH and Lee SH: Grisel syndrome: Pathophysiological evidence from magnetic resonance imaging findings. Ann Rehabil Med. 37:713–716. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sia KJ, Tang IP, Kong CK and Nasriah A: Grisel's syndrome: A rare complication of tonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol. 126:529–531. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Tsai SW and Chou CS: A case report of manipulation under anesthesia of posttraumatic type II occipital-atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in a 4-year-old girl. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 28:352–355. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Pang D and Li V: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: Part 3-a prospective study of the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of children with alantoaxial rotatory fixation. Neurosurgery. 57:954–972. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Neal KM and Mohamed AS: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23:382–392. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Li V and Pang D: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Pang D.: Disorders of the Pediatric Spine (New York). Raven Press. 531–553. 1995.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hannonen J, Perhomaa M, Salokorpi N, Serlo W, Sequeiros RB and Sinikumpu J: Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Exp Ther Med 18: 18-24, 2019.
APA
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R.B., & Sinikumpu, J. (2019). Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7565
MLA
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R. B., Sinikumpu, J."Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.1 (2019): 18-24.
Chicago
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R. B., Sinikumpu, J."Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 1 (2019): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7565
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hannonen J, Perhomaa M, Salokorpi N, Serlo W, Sequeiros RB and Sinikumpu J: Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Exp Ther Med 18: 18-24, 2019.
APA
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R.B., & Sinikumpu, J. (2019). Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7565
MLA
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R. B., Sinikumpu, J."Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.1 (2019): 18-24.
Chicago
Hannonen, J., Perhomaa, M., Salokorpi, N., Serlo, W., Sequeiros, R. B., Sinikumpu, J."Interventional magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in treating acute pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 1 (2019): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7565
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team