Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination

  • Authors:
    • Ayman Mohamed
    • Ghada Al-Kafaji
    • Amal Almahroos
    • Zahra Almosawi
    • Hawra Alalwan
    • Reem Abdulla
    • Fajer Alammadi
    • Ahmed Almubarak
    • Ahmed Al-Mahrezi
    • Amer Kamal
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 10, 2019     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7654
  • Pages: 566-572
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Abstract

Impairment in cognition and motor activity are commonly encountered in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), and depression is believed to be a contributing factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination and the effectiveness of enhanced environment (EE) as a method of intervention. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: Cuprizone only (Cup‑O), cuprizone undergoing depression (Cup-Dep), cuprizone housed in EE (Cup-EE), cuprizone housed in EE and undergoing depression (Cup-ED) and the control (n=9-10 per group). Depression was induced by repeated open-space forced swim. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted following a 6-week period of 0.2% cuprizone-enriched diet. The Cup-EE group performed significantly better in terms of cognition and motor functions, when compared with the Cup-O group, as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM; P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05) results. Conversely, the Cup-Dep group exhibited a significant decline in performance in the MWM (P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05), when compared with the Cup-O group. The Cup-ED group had comparable results to those of the Cup-O group, indicating a reversal of the induced depression effects. Open field test results failed to show an anxiety-like behavior in the cuprizone mouse model. It was therefore concluded that EE can improve MS-associated cognitive and motor deficits. Insights gained from these results facilitate the exploration of non-medical modes of intervention as an emerging adjuvant therapy in MS.
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July-2019
Volume 18 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Mohamed A, Al-Kafaji G, Almahroos A, Almosawi Z, Alalwan H, Abdulla R, Alammadi F, Almubarak A, Al-Mahrezi A, Kamal A, Kamal A, et al: Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. Exp Ther Med 18: 566-572, 2019
APA
Mohamed, A., Al-Kafaji, G., Almahroos, A., Almosawi, Z., Alalwan, H., Abdulla, R. ... Kamal, A. (2019). Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 566-572. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7654
MLA
Mohamed, A., Al-Kafaji, G., Almahroos, A., Almosawi, Z., Alalwan, H., Abdulla, R., Alammadi, F., Almubarak, A., Al-Mahrezi, A., Kamal, A."Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.1 (2019): 566-572.
Chicago
Mohamed, A., Al-Kafaji, G., Almahroos, A., Almosawi, Z., Alalwan, H., Abdulla, R., Alammadi, F., Almubarak, A., Al-Mahrezi, A., Kamal, A."Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 1 (2019): 566-572. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7654