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Article Open Access

Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention

  • Authors:
    • Chryssie Koutsaftiki
    • Ioannis N. Mammas
    • Alexia Papatheodoropoulou
    • Eirini Koutsounaki
    • Maria Theodoridou
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), ‘Penteli’ Children's Hospital, 152 36 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), ‘Aglaia Kyriakou’ Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece, Neonatal Department, ‘Alexandra’ Maternity Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece, First Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, 11527 Athens, Greece
    Copyright: © Koutsaftiki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3257-3259
    |
    Published online on: August 28, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7954
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Abstract

Hippocrates' famous apothegm ‘prevention is better than cure’ (κάλλιον τό προλαμβάνειν, παρά τό θεραπεύειν) is one of the most valuable principles of Paediatrics, providing the milestone of all immunisation strategies currently used in neonates, children and adolescents (1). To date, the indisputable value of prevention has been highlighted in all ‘workshops on Paediatric Virology’ (2‑6). Table I presents the titles of all plenary lectures, oral and poster presentations, which were performed during the workshops, focusing on the value of prevention in the management of neonatal and paediatric viral infections. Along with the significant role of human breast milk in the prevention of viral infections during the first years of life (7) and prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (8,9), the examined prevention issues included the 60‑year‑old battle against poliomyelitis (10), the vaccination against hepatitis B in newborns (11‑13), the vaccination challenges against human papillomaviruses (HPV) (14‑19), the vaccination against mumps, measles and rubella (20), the prevention against influenza including the role of the intranasal live‑attenuated influenza vaccines (21‑25), the necessity to implement a vaccination policy in relation to immigration effects (26), the preventative role of probiotics in the management of viral infections in children (27,28), the emerging need for the establishment of prevention strategies against Ebola virus (29) and the overview of the anti‑vaccination movement (30). Interestingly, during the ‘3rd workshop on Paediatric Virology’, which was held in Athens (Greece) on October 7th, 2017, the statements by the Nobelist Laureate Professor of Virology Harald zur Hausen (Heidelberg, Germany) on the significant preventative role of breast feeding and the mandatory necessity of male vaccination against HPV (4) attracted the enormous interest of paediatric trainees and junior paediatricians. In the recent ‘5th workshop on Paediatric Virology’, which will take place in Sparta (Greece) on October 12th, 2019, the top key messages of four out of five plenary lectures will also highlight the value and the need of specific prevention strategies and recommendations against RSV in infancy and childhood (Table II). As future therapeutic options and strategies are expected with impatience, prevention remains the principal tool for the management of neonatal and paediatric viral infections.
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1 

Mammas IN and Spandidos DA: Paediatric Virology in the Hippocratic Corpus. Exp Ther Med. 12:541–549. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mammas IN, Greenough A, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, Christaki I, Koutsaftiki C, Koutsaki M, Portaliou DM, Kostagianni G, Panagopoulou P, et al: Current views and advances on Paediatric Virology: An update for paediatric trainees. Exp Ther Med. 11:6–14. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Mammas IN, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, Thiagarajan P, Gardner S, Papaioannou G, Melidou A, Koutsaki M, Kostagianni G, Achtsidis V, et al: Paediatric Virology: A rapidly increasing educational challenge. Exp Ther Med. 13:364–377. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Mammas IN, Greenough A, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, Rusan M, Melidou A, Korovessi P, Papaioannou G, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsaftiki C, et al: Paediatric Virology and its interaction between basic science and clinical practice (Review). Int J Mol Med. 41:1165–1176. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Mammas IN, Theodoridou M, Thiagarajan P, Melidou A, Papaioannou G, Korovessi P, Koutsaftiki C, Papatheodoropoulou A, Calachanis M, Dalianis T, et al: A paediatric influenza update 100 years after the Skyros island Spanish flu outbreak. Exp Ther Med. 17:4327–4336. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mammas IN, Dalianis T, Doukas SG, Zaravinos A, Achtsidis V, Thiagarajan P, Theodoridou M and Spandidos DA: Paediatric virology and human papillomaviruses: An update. Exp Ther Med. 17:4337–4343. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

7 

zur Hausen H: Paediatric Virology and Oncology: Virus persistence and the important first years of life. Int J Mol Med. 40:S412017.

8 

Greenough A, Drysdale S, Broughton S and Bont L: The impact of viral infections on the long-term outcomes of prematurely born infants. Int J Mol Med. 36:S892015.

9 

Greenough A, MacBean V, Lunt A, Drysdale SB, Rafferty GF and Peacock JL: The long term impact of viral infections on prematurely born infants. Int J Mol Med. 40:S412017.

10 

Theodoridou M: Defeating polio: Vaccine anniversary (1955–2015). Int J Mol Med. 36:S892015.

11 

Kramvis A: The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Paediatrics. Int J Mol Med. 36:S892015.

12 

Kramvis A and Kew MC: Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Africa, its genotypes and clinical associations of genotypes. Hepatol Res. 37 (s1):S9–S19. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kramvis A: Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses. Int J Mol Med. 40:S392017.

14 

Grün N, Du J, Ährlund-Richter A, Mirzaie L, Ramqvist T and Dalianis T: Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in youth at a youth clinic after the initiation of HPV-catch up vaccination in comparison to previously obtained HPV prevalence in the same clinic and to that in high school youth in Sweden. Int J Mol Med. 42:S162018.

15 

Mammas IN, Sourvinos G, Theodoridou M and Spandidos DA: Understanding the factors affecting human papillomavirus vaccination acceptance among adolescents. Int J Mol Med. 36:S902015.

16 

Mammas IN, Theodoridou M, Sourvinos G and Spandidos DA: Exploring effective interventions to increase adolescents' vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). Int J Mol Med. 42:S172018.

17 

Rusan M: Human papillomavirus infections in children: Should we be vaccinating earlier? Int J Mol Med. 40:S402017.

18 

Zaravinos A: HPV as an emerging risk factor in head and neck carcinomas: An additional vaccination target? Int J Mol Med. 42:S402018.

19 

Doukas SG: Laryngeal HPV infection in children: A review of management and treatment of Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Int J Mol Med. 42:S172018.

20 

Koutsaki M: MMR vaccination and autism: An update. Int J Mol Med. 36:S912015.

21 

Theodoridou M: Overview of influenza vaccination in children. Int J Mol Med. 42:S172018.

22 

Melidou A: Influenza in childhood: A usual suspect. Int J Mol Med. 38:S662016.

23 

Melidou A: Intranasal live-attenuated influenza vaccination in children: Evidence, limitations and proposals. Int J Mol Med. 40:S392017.

24 

Melidou A: Epidemiology of influenza types and subtypes in childhood. Int J Mol Med. 42:S182018.

25 

Koutsaftiki C and Papatheodoropoulou A: Participation of paediatric health professionals into the vaccination programme against seasonal influenza. Int J Mol Med. 42:S182018.

26 

Theodoridou M: Immigration crisis and vaccination policy. Int J Mol Med. 40:S412017.

27 

Korovessi P: Probiotics and viral infections in childhood. Int J Mol Med. 40:S392017.

28 

Korovessi P: Prevention and management of influenza in childhood: The effect of probiotics. Int J Mol Med. 42:S372018.

29 

Christaki I, Beattie T and Midgley P: The challenge of modern biowarfare: ED preparedness for paediatric victims of the Ebola virus. Int J Mol Med. 36:S902015.

30 

Koutsaftiki C: The antivaccination movement: A brief historical overview. Int J Mol Med. 38:S672016.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Koutsaftiki C, Mammas IN, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsounaki E, Theodoridou M and Spandidos DA: Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention. Exp Ther Med 18: 3257-3259, 2019.
APA
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I.N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., & Spandidos, D.A. (2019). Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3257-3259. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7954
MLA
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I. N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., Spandidos, D. A."Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.4 (2019): 3257-3259.
Chicago
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I. N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., Spandidos, D. A."Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 4 (2019): 3257-3259. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7954
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Koutsaftiki C, Mammas IN, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsounaki E, Theodoridou M and Spandidos DA: Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention. Exp Ther Med 18: 3257-3259, 2019.
APA
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I.N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., & Spandidos, D.A. (2019). Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3257-3259. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7954
MLA
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I. N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., Spandidos, D. A."Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.4 (2019): 3257-3259.
Chicago
Koutsaftiki, C., Mammas, I. N., Papatheodoropoulou, A., Koutsounaki, E., Theodoridou, M., Spandidos, D. A."Paediatric Virology and the indisputable value of prevention". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 4 (2019): 3257-3259. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7954
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