Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model

  • Authors:
    • Ke Gao
    • Faquan Liu
    • Xi Chen
    • Mengxue Chen
    • Qingwen Deng
    • Xingjian Zou
    • Hongxing Guo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, P.R. China, Department of Ears, Nose and Throat, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518115, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3775-3782
    |
    Published online on: September 19, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8030
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden and severe liver dysfunction. Apoptosis and inflammation are essential for the pathogenesis of FHF. Crocetin, the major component present in saffron, has been reported to possess anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant functions; however, its role in FHF is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of crocetin against lipopolysac§§charide (LPS)/D‑galactosamine (D‑GalN)‑induced FHF and the underlying mechanisms in a rat model. For the in vivo study, rats were assigned to the LPS/D‑GalN group or to the crocetin pre‑treatment+LPS/D‑​GalN group. Each group was then further divided according to the different LPS/D‑GalN treatment times of 0, 6, 12 or 48 h. The results demonstrated that crocetin pre‑treatment efficiently protected against LPS/D‑GalN‑induced FHF by improving liver tissue morphology, reducing total bilirubin generation and decreasing the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, crocetin pre‑treatment significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, p53 mRNA expression and the expression of proteins in the caspase family and the Bcl‑2 pro‑apoptotic family following LPS/D‑GalN treatment. Furthermore, crocetin also decreased the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines in the serum and in the liver via suppression of NF‑κB activation, and also suppressed hepatic oxidative stress. In conclusion, crocetin protected against LPS/D‑GalN‑induced FHF and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms may be related to the regulation of apoptotic proteins in the caspase family and the Bcl‑2 family, as well as the modulation of NF‑κB expression. Therefore, crocetin may be used as a novel therapy for preventing FHF.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

El-Agamy DS, Makled MN and Gamil NM: Protective effects of agmatine against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Inflammopharmacology. 22:187–194. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Zhang X, Ding J, Gou C, Wen T, Li L, Wang X, Yang H, Liu D, Lou J, Cehn D, et al: Qingchangligan formula attenuates the in inflammatory response to protect the liver from acute failure induced by d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 201:108–116. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lee SB, Kang JW, Kim SJ, Ahn J, Kim J and Lee SM: Afzelin ameliorates Dgalactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure by modulating mitochondrial quality control and dynamics (150/150). Brit J Pharmacol. 174:195–209. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Marzio HD and Sass DA: Fulminant hepatic failure: Diagnosis and managementSpringer International Publishing; Switzerland: pp. 229–245. 2014

5 

Nasralla D, Coussios CC, Mergental H, Akhtar MZ, Butler AJ, Ceresa CD, Chiocchia V, Dutton SJ, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Heaton N, et al: A randomized trial of normothermic preservation in liver transplantation. Nature. 557:50–56. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Duan GJ, Zhu J, Xu CY, Wan JY, Zhang L, Ge XD, Liu LM and Liu YS: Protective effect of Go6976, a PKD inhibitor, on LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice. Inflamm Res. 6:357–366. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Jaeschke H: Reactive oxygen and mechanisms of inammatory liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7:718–724. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ben Ari Z, Avlas O, Pappo O, Veacheslav Z, Cheporko Y, Bachmetov L, Zemel R, Asher S, Sharon E, Grief F and Hochhauser E: Reduced hepatic injury in toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice following D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced fulminant hepatic failure. Cell Physiol Biochem. 29:41–50. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kim SJ, Kim JK, Lee DU, Kwak JH and Lee SM: Genipin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptotic liver damage in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 635:188–193. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bolhassani A, Khavari A and Bathaie SZ: Saffron and natural carotenoids: Biochemical activities and anti-tumor effects. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1845:20–30. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Cao W, Cui J, Li S, Zhang D, Guo Y, Li Q, Luan Y and Liu X: Crocetin restores diabetic endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction by enhancing NO bioavailability via regulation of PI3K/AKT-eNOS and ROS pathways. Life Sci. 181:9–16. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhuang X, Dong A, Wang R and Shi A: Crocetin treatment inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells through down-regulation of genes involved in the inflammation. Saudi J Biol Sci. 25:1767–1771. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yang R, Vernon K, Thomas A, Morrison D, Qureshi N and Van Way CW III: Crocetin reduces activation of hepatic apoptotic pathways and improves survival in experimental hemorrhagic shock. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 35:107–113. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Chen P, Chen Y, Wang Y, Cai S, Deng L, Liu J and Zhang H: Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective activities of geniposide, crocins and crocetin by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 24:156–162. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Liu LM, Zhang JX, Luo J, Guo HX, Deng H, Chen JY and Sun SL: A role of cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nonlethal liver injury in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized Rats. Digest Dis Sci. 53:1316–1324. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gao K, Guo H, Liu L, Ding Y, Kuang M and Li J: Liver protection of crocetin against paraquat poisoning in rats. Chin Crit Care Med. 28:876–880. 2016.(In Chinese).

17 

Guo H, Gao K, Zou X, Deng Q, Chen M and Liu F: Crocetin promotes autophagy in injured rat hepatocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine in vitro. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 38:1121–1125. 2018.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

18 

Xin J, Zeng D, Wang H, Ni X, Yi D, Pan K and Jing B: Preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by attenuating inflammation and mitochondrial injury and improving gut environment in obese mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98:6817–6829. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lin X, Zhang S, Huang R, Tan S, Liang S, Wu X, Zhuo L and Huang Q: Protective effect of tormentic acid from Potentilla chinensis against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 19:365–372. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ryan CJ, Aslam M and Courtney JM: Transference of hepatic coma to normal rats from galactosamine treated donors by reverse plasma exchange. Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs. 18:477–482. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pushpavalli G, Kalaiarasi V, Veeramani C and Pugalendi KV: Effect of chrysin on hepatoprotective and antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 631:36–41. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Poojari R, Gupta S, Maru G, Khade B and Bhagwat S: Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of embelin on N-nitrosodiethylamine and carbon tetrachloride induced preneoplasia and toxicity in rat liver. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 11:1015–1020. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Gavric A, Ribnikar M, Šmid L, Luzar B and Stabuc B: Fat burner induced acute liver injury: Case series of four patients. Nutrition. 47:110–114. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Chen B, Jiang L, Hao K, Wang L, Wang Y, Xie Y, Shen J, Zhu M, Tong X, Li K and Wang Z: Protection of plasma transfusion against lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure through inhibiting apoptosis of hepatic cells in mice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 19:436–444. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Giorgi C, Bonora M, Sorrentino G, Missiroli S, Poletti F, Suski J, Galindo Ramirez F, Rizzuto R, Di Virgilio F, Zito E, et al: p53 at the endoplasmic reticulum regulates apoptosis in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112:1779–1784. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Leifeld L, Nattermann J, Fielenbach M, Schmitz V, Sauerbruch T and Spengler U: Intrahepatic activation of caspases in human fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Int. 26:872–879. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Budihardjo I, Oliver H, Lutter M, Luo X and Wang X: Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 15:269–290. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Nakagawa T, Zhu H, Morishima N, Li E, Xu J, Yankner BA and Yuan J: Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta. Nature. 403:98–103. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Heather H, Kenneth H, Samik G and Tung KC: Construction and analysis of a modular model of caspase activation in apoptosis. Theor Biol Med Model. 5:262008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Grosse L, Wurm CA, Brüser C, Neumann D, Jans DC and Jakobs S: Bax assembles into large ring-like structures remodeling the mitochondrial outer membrane in apoptosis. EMBO J. 35:402–413. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tan CT, Zhou QL, Su YC, Fu NY, Chang HC, Tao RN, Sukumaran SK, Baksh S, Tan YJ, Sabapathy K, et al: MOAP-1 mediates Fas-induced apoptosis in liver by facilitating tBid recruitment to mitochondria. Cell Rep. 16:174–185. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lv H, Qi Z, Wang S, Feng H, Deng X and Ci X: Asiatic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Front Immunol. 8:7852017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Korhonen R, Lahti A, Kankaanranta H and Moilanen E: Nitric oxide production and signaling in inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 4:471–479. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Rockey DC and Chung JJ: Reduced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in cirrhotic rat liver: Endothelial dysfunction in portal hypertension. Gastroenterology. 114:344–351. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Shah V, Toruner M, Haddad F, Cadelina G, Papapetropoulos A, Choo K, Sessa WC and Groszmann RJ: Impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity associated with enhanced caveolin binding in experimental cirrhosis in the rat. Gastroenterology. 117:1222–1228. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Petermann H, Vogl S, Schulze E and Dargel R: Chronic liver injury alters basal and stimulated nitric oxide production and 3H-thymidine incorporation in cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells from rats. J Hepatol. 31:284–292. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Sass G, Koerber K, Bang R, Guehring H and Tiegs G: Inducible nitric oxide synthase is critical for immune-mediated liver injury in mice. J Clin Invest. 107:439–447. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Huang CC, Lin KJ, Cheng YW, Hsu CA, Yang SS and Shyur LF: Hepatoprotective effect and mechanistic insights of deoxyelephantopin, a phyto-sesquiterpene lactone, against fulminant hepatitis. J Nutr Biochem. 3:516–530. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Kim YI, Park SW, Yoon YK, Lee KW, Lee JH, Woo HJ and Kim Y: Orostachys japonicus inhibits the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and modulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes in human PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK activation. Mol Med Rep. 12:657–662. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Gao K, Liu F, Guo H, Li J, Zhang Y and Mo Z: miR-224 suppresses HBV replication posttranscriptionally through inhibiting SIRT1-mediated autophagy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 11:189–198. 2018.

42 

Reddy PV, Murthy ChR and Reddanna P: Fulminant hepatic failure induced oxidative stress in nonsynaptic mitochondria of cerebral cortex in rats. Neurosci Lett. 368:15–20. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang B, Xu H, Mei X, Xu X, Zhang X, Ni J and Li W: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 protects mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity and liver injury via regulating host metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Microbiol. 10:11612019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gao K, Liu F, Chen X, Chen M, Deng Q, Zou X and Guo H: Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 18: 3775-3782, 2019.
APA
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., & Guo, H. (2019). Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3775-3782. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8030
MLA
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., Guo, H."Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 3775-3782.
Chicago
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., Guo, H."Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 3775-3782. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8030
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gao K, Liu F, Chen X, Chen M, Deng Q, Zou X and Guo H: Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 18: 3775-3782, 2019.
APA
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., & Guo, H. (2019). Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3775-3782. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8030
MLA
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., Guo, H."Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 3775-3782.
Chicago
Gao, K., Liu, F., Chen, X., Chen, M., Deng, Q., Zou, X., Guo, H."Crocetin protects against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D‑galactosamine by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 3775-3782. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8030
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team