Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 18 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis

  • Authors:
    • Jinfeng Zang
    • Jun Ye
    • Chi Zhang
    • Min Sha
    • Junye Gao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China, Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3845-3852
    |
    Published online on: September 23, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8037
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cellular senescence and natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in liver diseases. Chemokines, a component of the senescence‑associated secretory phenotype, can recruit NK cells and are involved in the development of various liver diseases. The effect of the C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)‑9, ‑10, ‑11/C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 axis in senescent hepatocytes remains unknown. The chemokines secreted by senescent hepatocytes, the contribution of the CXCL‑9, ‑10, ‑11/CXCR3 axis to the migration of NK cells, and the effect of senescent hepatocytes on the function of NK cells were investigated in the present study. The results demonstrated significantly increased levels of C‑C motif chemokine ligand 2 and CXCL‑1, ‑2 and ‑10 in the supernatant of senescent AML12 cells. Despite increased mRNA expression of CXCL‑9, ‑10, and ‑11 in these cells, western blotting revealed significantly enhanced expression of only CXCL‑10. The expression of CXCR3 on the surface of NK cells stimulated by senescent AML12 cells was upregulated (fold change, >3). Following incubation with the supernatant of senescent hepatocytes, both CD107a and interferon γ expression in NK cells increased by >2.5‑fold. The cytotoxic effect of NK cells was notably higher stimulated by senescent AML12 cells. Chemotaxis and blocking assays demonstrated that the senescent hepatocytes enhanced the migration of NK cells via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis. The present study suggests that senescent hepatocytes secrete various chemokines, including CXCL‑10, resulting in the upregulation and activation of CXCR3 in NK cells and the enhancement of NK cell migration via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Aravinthan AD and Alexander GJM: Senescence in chronic liver disease: Is the future in aging? J Hepatol. 65:825–834. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Byun HO, Lee YK, Kim JM and Yoon G: From cell senescence to age-related diseases: Differential mechanisms of action of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. BMB Rep. 48:549–558. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Irvine KM, Skoien R, Bokil NJ, Melino M, Thomas GP, Loo D, Gabrielli B, Hill MM, Sweet MJ, Clouston AD and Powell EE: Senescent human hepatocytes express a unique secretory phenotype and promote macrophage migration. World J Gastroenterol. 20:17851–17862. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Maciel-Barón LA, Morales-Rosales SL, Aquino-Cruz AA, Triana-Martínez F, Galván-Arzate S, Luna-López A, González-Puertos VY, López-Díazguerrero NE, Torres C and Königsberg M: Senescence associated secretory phenotype profile from primary lung mice fibroblasts depends on the senescence induction stimuli. Age (Dordr). 38:262016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bellora F, Castriconi R, Dondero A, Reggiardo G, Moretta L, Mantovani A, Moretta A and Bottino C: The interaction of human natural killer cells with either unpolarized or polarized macrophages results in different functional outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:21659–21664. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Allen F, Bobanga ID, Rauhe P, Barkauskas D, Teich N, Tong C, Myers J and Huang AY: CCL3 augments tumor rejection and enhances CD8+ T cell infiltration through NK and CD103+ dendritic cell recruitment via IFNγ. Oncoimmunology. 7:e13935982017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Bernardini G, Antonangeli F, Bonanni V and Santoni A: Dysregulation of chemokine/chemokine receptor axes and NK cell tissue localization during diseases. Front Immunol. 7:4022016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Marquardt N, Wilk E, Pokoyski C, Schmidt RE and Jacobs R: Murine CXCR3+CD27bright NK cells resemble the human CD56bright NK-cell population. Eur J Immunol. 40:1428–1439. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wang Z, Wu T, Ma M, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Liu J, Xu J, Ding H, Han X, Chu Z, et al: Elevated interferon-γ-induced protein 10 and its receptor CXCR3 impair NK cell function during HIV infection. J Leukoc Biol. 102:163–170. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hintermann E, Bayer M, Pfeilschifter JM, Luster AD and Christen U: CXCL10 promotes liver fibrosis by prevention of NK cell mediated hepatic stellate cell inactivation. J Autoimmun. 35:424–435. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhang X, Shen J, Man K, Chu ES, Yau TO, Sung JC, Go MY, Deng J, Lu L, Wong VW, et al: CXCL10 plays a key role as an inflammatory mediator and a non-invasive biomarker of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 61:1365–1375. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ling CC, Ng KT, Shao Y, Geng W, Xiao JW, Liu H, Li CX, Liu XB, Ma YY, Yeung WH, et al: Post-transplant endothelial progenitor cell mobilization via CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling promotes liver tumor growth. J Hepatol. 60:103–109. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Zang J, Sha M, Zhang C, Ye J, Zhang K and Gao J: Senescent hepatocyte secretion of matrix metalloproteinases is regulated by nuclear factor-κB signaling. Life Sci. 191:205–210. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bryceson YT, Chiang SC, Darmanin S, Fauriat C, Schlums H, Theorell J and Wood SM: Molecular mechanisms of natural killer cell activation. J Innate Immun. 3:216–226. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rahim MM, Tu MM, Mahmoud AB, Wight A, Abou-Samra E, Lima PD and Makrigiannis AP: Ly49 receptors: Innate and adaptive immune paradigms. Front Immunol. 5:1452014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sasaki M, Ikeda H, Yamaguchi J, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y and Nakanuma Y: Bile ductular cells undergoing cellular senescence increase in chronic liver diseases along with fibrous progression. Am J Clin Pathol. 133:212–223. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Aravinthan AD and Alexander GJ: Hepatocyte senescence explains conjugated bilirubinaemia in chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 63:532–533. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Jin H, Jia Y, Yao Z, Huang J, Hao M, Yao S, Lian N, Zhang F, Zhang C, Chen X, et al: Hepatic stellate cell interferes with NK cell regulation of fibrogenesis via curcumin induced senescence of hepatic stellate cell. Cell Signal. 33:79–85. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Barathan M, Mohamed R, Saeidi A, Vadivelu J, Chang LY, Gopal K, Ram MR, Ansari AW, Kamarulzaman A, Velu V, et al: Increased frequency of late-senescent T cells lacking CD127 in chronic hepatitis C disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 45:466–474. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sekoguchi S, Nakajima T, Moriguchi M, Jo M, Nishikawa T, Katagishi T, Kimura H, Minami M, Itoh Y, Kagawa K, et al: Role of cell-cycle turnover and oxidative stress in telomere shortening and cellular senescence in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 22:182–190. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Aravinthan A, Pietrosi G, Hoare M, Jupp J, Marshall A, Verrill C, Davies S, Bateman A, Sheron N, Allison M and Alexander GJ: Hepatocyte expression of the senescence marker p21 is linked to fibrosis and an adverse liver-related outcome in alcohol-related liver disease. PLoS One. 8:e729042013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Tachtatzis PM, Marshall A, Arvinthan A, Verma S, Penrhyn-Lowe S, Mela M, Scarpini C, Davies SE, Coleman N and Alexander GJ: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: The relation between hepatitis B antigen expression, telomere length, senescence, inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS One. 10:e01275112015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Aravinthan A, Mells G, Allison M, Leathart J, Kotronen A, Yki-Jarvinen H, Daly AK, Day CP, Anstee QM and Alexander G: Gene polymorphisms of cellular senescence marker p21 and disease progression in non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease. Cell Cycle. 13:1489–1494. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Aravinthan A, Scarpini C, Tachtatzis P, Verma S, Penrhyn-Lowe S, Harvey R, Davies SE, Allison M, Coleman N and Alexander G: Hepatocyte senescence predicts progression in non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 58:549–556. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Yu Q, Katlinskaya YV, Carbone CJ, Zhao B, Katlinski KV, Zheng H, Guha M, Li N, Chen Q, Yang T, et al: DNA-damage-induced type I interferon promotes senescence and inhibits stem cell function. Cell Rep. 11:785–797. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Fülöp T, Dupuis G, Witkowski JM and Larbi A: The role of immunosenescence in the development of age-related diseases. Rev Invest Clin. 68:84–91. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kang TW, Yevsa T, Woller N, Hoenicke L, Wuestefeld T, Dauch D, Hohmeyer A, Gereke M, Rudalska R, Potapova A, et al: Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development. Nature. 479:547–551. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hubackova S, Krejcikova K, Bartek J and Hodny Z: IL1- and TGFβ-Nox4 signaling, oxidative stress and DNA damage response are shared features of replicative, oncogene-induced, and drug-induced paracrine ‘bystander senescence’. Aging (Albany NY). 4:932–951. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sasaki M, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y and Nakanuma Y: Modulation of the microenvironment by senescent biliary epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 53:318–325. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Acosta JC, Banito A, Wuestefeld T, Georgilis A, Janich P, Morton JP, Athineos D, Kang TW, Lasitschka F, Andrulis M, et al: A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence. Nat Cell Biol. 15:978–990. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Vesely MD, Kershaw MH, Schreiber RD and Smyth MJ: Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer. Annu Rev Immunol. 29:235–271. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Bernardini G, Gismondi A and Santoni A: Chemokines and NK cells: Regulators of development, trafficking and functions. Immunol Lett. 145:39–46. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Shevtsov M and Multhoff G: Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. Front Immunol. 7:4922016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Zhu Y, Huang B and Shi J: Fas ligand and lytic granule differentially control cytotoxic dynamics of natural killer cell against cancer target. Oncotarget. 7:47163–47172. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Eisenhardt M, Glässner A, Krämer B, Körner C, Sibbing B, Kokordelis P, Nischalke HD, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U and Nattermann J: The CXCR3(+)CD56Bright phenotype characterizes a distinct NK cell subset with anti-fibrotic potential that shows dys-regulated activity in hepatitis C. PLoS One. 7:e388462012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Xiao F, Ai G, Yan W, Wan X, Luo X and Ning Q: Intrahepatic recruitment of cytotoxic NK cells contributes to autoimmune hepatitis progression. Cell Immunol. 327:13–20. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wendel M, Galani IE, Suri-Payer E and Cerwenka A: Natural killer cell accumulation in tumors is dependent on IFN-gamma and CXCR3 ligands. Cancer Res. 68:8437–8445. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Gómez-Lomelí P, Bravo-Cuellar A, Hernández-Flores G, Jave-Suárez LF, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Lerma-Díaz JM, Domínguez-Rodríguez JR, Sánchez-Reyes K and Ortiz-Lazareno PC: Increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α production in CD107a + NK-92 cells co-cultured with cervical cancer cell lines pre-treated with the HO-1 inhibitor. Cancer Cell Int. 14:1002014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Basset L, Chevalier S, Danger Y, Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, Gascan H and Samson M: Interleukin-27 and IFNγ regulate the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in hepatitis. J Mol Med (Berl). 93:1355–1367. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zang J, Ye J, Zhang C, Sha M and Gao J: Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis. Exp Ther Med 18: 3845-3852, 2019.
APA
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., & Gao, J. (2019). Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3845-3852. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8037
MLA
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., Gao, J."Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 3845-3852.
Chicago
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., Gao, J."Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 3845-3852. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8037
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zang J, Ye J, Zhang C, Sha M and Gao J: Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis. Exp Ther Med 18: 3845-3852, 2019.
APA
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., & Gao, J. (2019). Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 3845-3852. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8037
MLA
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., Gao, J."Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.5 (2019): 3845-3852.
Chicago
Zang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, C., Sha, M., Gao, J."Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL‑10/CXCR3 axis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 5 (2019): 3845-3852. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8037
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team