A large‑scale collection of giant congenital melanocytic nevi: Clinical and histopathological characteristics

Wu,Min; Yu,Qingxiong; Gao,Bowen; Sheng,Lingling; Li,Qingfeng; Xie,Feng

doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8198

A large‑scale collection of giant congenital melanocytic nevi: Clinical and histopathological characteristics

Authors:
- Min Wu
- Qingxiong Yu
- Bowen Gao
- Lingling Sheng
- Qingfeng Li
- Feng Xie
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
Published online on: November 14, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8198
Pages: 313-318

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) place a heavy psychological burden on patients due to their poor cosmetic appearance. The histopathological characteristics of GCMN have remained largely elusive. The present study investigated the histopathological characteristics of GCMN in association with their clinical appearance. A total of 98 patients diagnosed with GCMN were included in the present study and their clinical features were collected from their records. Lesion specimens were obtained and stained for histopathological analysis. Regarding the microscopic appearance of GCMN, nevi cells in the whole dermis exhibited different patterns than those in healthy tissues. Most GCMN cases featured a sub‑epidermal non‑involvement zone, which implies an early occurrence in embryo development. Darker nevi exhibited a higher density of infiltrated nevi cells and more pigment deposition; this appears to induce a poor skin texture. Chemical peeling and laser therapy only partly removes pigment particles and nevi cells in the upper portion of the dermis. The clinical features of GCMN are associated with the histopathological characteristics, and non‑surgical therapy cannot remove the nevus cells in the deep dermis.

View Figures

View References

1	Kopf AW, Bart RS and Hennessey P: Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1:123–130. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Hashmi GS, Ahmed SS and Khan S: Congenital giant melanocytic nevi. Rare Tumors. 1:e92009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Lyon VB: Congenital melanocytic nevi. Pediatr Clin North Am. 57:1155–1176. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Arad E and Zuker RM: The shifting paradigm in the management of giant congenital melanocytic nevi: Review and clincal applications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 133:367–376. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Watt AJ, Kotsis SV and Chung KC: Risk of melanoma arising in large congenital melanocytic nevi: A systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 113:1968–1974. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Krengel S, Hauschild A and Schafer T: Melanoma risk in congenital melanocytic naevi: A systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 155:1–8. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Bett BJ: Large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi: Occurrence of cutaneous melanoma in 1008 persons. J Am Acad Dermatol. 52:793–797. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Hale EK, Stein J, Ben-Porat L, Panageas KS, Eichenbaum MS, Marghoob AA, Osman I, Kopf AW and Polsky D: Association of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis with large congenital melanocytic naevi-results from the NYU-LCMN registry. Br J Dermatol. 152:512–517. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Charbel C, Fontaine RH, Malouf GG, Picard A, Kadlub N, El-Murr N, How-Kit A, Su X, Coulomb-L'Hermine A, Tost J, et al: NRAS mutation is the sole recurrent somatic mutation in large congenital melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol. 134:1067–1074. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Murphy GF and Mihm MC: Recognition and evaluation of cytological dysplasia in acquired melanocytic nevi. Hum Pathol. 30:506–512. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Weinstock MA, Barnhill RL, Rhodes AR and Brodsky GL: Reliability of the histopathologic diagnosis of melanocytic dysplasia the dysplastic nevus panel. Arch Dermatol. 133:953–958. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	DeDavid M, Orlow SJ, Provost N, Marghoob AA, Rao BK, Wasti Q, Huang CL, Kopf AW and Bart RS: Neurocutaneous melanosis: Clinical features of large congenital melanocytic nevi in patients with manifest central nervous system melanosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 35:529–538. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Price HN and Schaffer JV: Congenital melanocytic nevi-when to worry and how to treat: Facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 28:293–302. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Alikhan A, Ibrahimi OA and Eisen DB: Congenital melanocytic nevi: Where are we now? Part i. clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, histology, malignant transformation, and neurocutaneous melanosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 67:495 e1–e17. 2012.
15	Gallus S and Naldi J; Oncology Study Group of the Italian Group for Epidemiologic Research in Dermatology, : Distribution of congenital melanocytic naevi and congenital naevus-like naevi in a survey of 3406 Italian school children. Br J Dermatol. 159:433–438. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Chung C, Forte AJ, Narayan D and Persing J: Giant nevi: A review. J Craniofac Surg. 17:1210–1215. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Arneja JS and Gosain AK: Giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Plast Reconstr Surg. 124 (Suppl 1):e1–e13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
18	Mark GJ, Mihm MC, Liteplo MG, Reed RJ and Clark WH: Congenital melanocytic nevi of the small and garment type. Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural studies. Hum Pathol. 4:395–418. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Sahin S, Levin L, Kopf AW, Rao BK, Triola M, Koenig K, Huang C and Bart R: Risk of melanoma in medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevi: A follow-up study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 39:428–433. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Nasr MR and El-Zammar O: Comparison of pHH3, Ki-67, and survivin immunoreactivity in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Am J Dermatopathol. 30:117–122. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Ohsie SJ, Sarantopoulos GP, Cochran AJ and Binder SW: Immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 35:433–444. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Lebe B, Pabuccuoglu U and Ozer E: The significance of Ki-67 proliferative index and cyclin D1 expression of dysplastic nevi in the biologic spectrum of melanocytic lesions. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 15:160–164. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Shakhova O, Zingg D, Schaefer SM, Hari L, Civenni G, Blunschi J, Claudinot S, Okoniewski M, Beermann F, Mihic-Probst D, et al: Sox10 promotes the formation and maintenance of giant congenital naevi and melanoma. Nat Cell Biol. 14:882–890. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Rothberg BE, Moeder CB, Kluger H, Halaban R, Elder DE, Murphy GF, Lazar A, Prieto V, Duncan LM and Rimm DL: Nuclear to non-nuclear Pmel17/gp100 expression (HMB45 staining) as a discriminator between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Mod Pathol. 21:1121–1129. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Bakos RM, Maier T, Besch R, Mestel DS, Ruzicka T, Sturm RA and Berking C: Nestin and SOX9 and SOX10 transcription factors are coexpressed in melanoma. Exp Dermatol. 19:e89–e94. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Tannous ZS, Mihm MC Jr, Sober AJ and Duncan LM: Congenital melanocytic nevi: Clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 52:197–203. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Lee SE, Choi JY, Hong KT and Lee KR: Treatment of acquired and small congenital melanocytic nevi with combined Er: YAG laser and long-pulsed alexandrite laser in Asian skin. Dermatol Surg. 41:473–480. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Zutt M, Kretschmer L, Emmert S, Haenssle H, Neumann C and Bertsch HP: Multicentric malignant melanoma in a giant melanocytic congenital nevus 20 years after dermabrasion in adulthood. Dermatol Surg. 29:99–101. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Kishi K, Matsuda N, Kubota Y, Katsube KI, Imanishi N and Nakajima T: Rapid, severe repigmentation of congenital melanocytic naevi after curettage and dermabrasion: Histological features. Br J Dermatol. 156:1251–1257. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI