Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis

  • Authors:
    • Karin Ried
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: National Institute of Integrative Medicine (NIIM), Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
    Copyright: © Ried et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1472-1478
    |
    Published online on: December 27, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Garlic supplements have shown effectiveness in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients, similarly to first‑line standard anti‑hypertensive medications. Kyolic garlic has also shown promise in improving cardiovascular health by reducing arterial stiffness, elevated cholesterol levels and blood ‘stickiness’. In addition, the prebiotic properties in garlic increase gut microbial richness and diversity. This article systematically reviews previously published trials investigating the effects of garlic on blood pressure, and provides an updated meta‑analysis of hypertensive participants. In addition, we summarise the findings of recent clinical trials investigating the effects of Kyolic aged garlic extract on arterial stiffness, and gut microbiota in hypertensive subjects. We searched online electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1955 and December, 2018 examining the effects of garlic on high blood pressure. The meta‑analysis of 12 trials and 553 hypertensive participants confirmed that garlic supplements lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) by an average of 8.3±1.9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, n=8 trials, n=374 subjects) by 5.5±1.9 mmHg, similarly to standard anti‑hypertensive medications. This reduction in blood pressure was associated with a 16‑40% reduction in the risk of suffering from cardiovascular events. Additionally, this review summarises new evidence for the vitamin B12 status playing an important role in the responsiveness of blood pressure to garlic. Furthermore, Kyolic aged garlic extract significantly lowered central blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness, and improved the gut microbiota, evidenced by higher microbial richness and diversity, with a marked increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Clostridia species found following 3 months of supplementation. Thus, Kyolic aged garlic extract is considered to be highly tolerable with a high safety profile either as a stand‑alone or adjunctive anti‑hypertensive treatment, with multiple benefits for cardiovascular health.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP, Fakler P, Sullivan T. 1, Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP, Fakler P and Sullivan T: Effect of garlic on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 8:132008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Reinhart KM, Coleman CI, Teevan C, Vachhani P and White CM: Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: A meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 42:1766–1771. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Rohner A, Ried K, Sobenin IA, Bucher HC and Nordmann AJ: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of garlic preparations on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 28:414–423. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ried K: Effect of garlic on blood pressure, serum cholesterol and immunity: Updated meta-analyses and review. J Nutr. 146:3895–96S. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Ried K, Frank OR and Stocks NP: Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: A randomised controlled trial. Maturitas. 67:144–150. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ried K, Frank OR and Stocks NP: Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: A dose-response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 67:64–70. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ried K, Travica N and Sali A: The effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in uncontrolled hypertensives: The AGE at Heart trial. Integr Blood Press Control. 9:9–21. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ried K, Travica N and Sali A: The effect of kyolic aged garlic extract on gut microbiota, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers in hypertensives: The GarGIC Trial. Front Nutr. 5:1222018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Vital signs: Awareness and treatment of uncontrolled hypertension among adults - United States, 2003–2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 61:703–709. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Olsen H, Klemetsrud T, Stokke HP, Tretli S and Westheim A: Adverse drug reactions in current antihypertensive therapy: A general practice survey of 2586 patients in Norway. Blood Pressure. 8:94–101. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, Pannier B, Vlachopoulos C, Wilkinson I and Struijker-Boudier H; European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries, : Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: Methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 27:2588–2605. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Larijani VN, Ahmadi N, Zeb I, Khan F, Flores F and Budoff M: Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on vascular elasticity and endothelial function: The FAITH randomized clinical trial. Nutrition. 29:71–75. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Nunan D, Wassertheurer S, Lasserson D, Hametner B, Fleming S, Ward A and Heneghan C: Assessment of central haemomodynamics from a brachial cuff in a community setting. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 12:482012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Nunan D, Fleming S, Hametner B and Wassertheurer S: Performance of pulse wave velocity measured using a brachial cuff in a community setting. Blood Press Monit. 19:315–319. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

O'Rourke M: Arterial stiffness, systolic blood pressure, and logical treatment of arterial hypertension. Hypertension. 15:339–347. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ried K and Fakler P: Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) in lowering high blood pressure: Mechanisms of action and clinical relevance. Integr Blood Press Control. 7:71–82. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Travica N, Ried K and Sali A: Integrative Health Check reveals suboptimal levels in a number of vital biomarkers. Adv Integr Med. 2:135–140. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Yang T, Santisteban MM, Rodriguez V, Li E, Ahmari N, Carvajal JM, Zadeh M, Gong M, Qi Y, Zubcevic J, et al: Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension. Hypertension. 65:1331–1340. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, Hermes GD, Hirschfield GM, Hold G, Quraishi MN, Kinross J, Smidt H, Tuohy KM, et al: The gut microbiota and host health: A new clinical frontier. Gut. 65:330–339. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LCM and Finlay BB: Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 90:859–904. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Benavides GA, Squadrito GL, Mills RW, Patel HD, Isbell TS, Patel RP, Darley-Usmar VM, Doeller JE and Kraus DW: Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:17977–17982. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Filocamo A, Nueno-Palop C, Bisignano C, Mandalari G and Narbad A: Effect of garlic powder on the growth of commensal bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. Phytomedicine. 19:707–711. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Motta JP, Flannigan KL, Agbor TA, Beatty JK, Blackler RW, Workentine ML, Da Silva GJ, Wang R, Buret AG and Wallace JL: Hydrogen sulfide protects from colitis and restores intestinal microbiota biofilm and mucus production. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 21:1006–1017. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ng SC, Lam EF, Lam TT, Chan Y, Law W, Tse PC, Kamm MA, Sung JJ, Chan FK and Wu JC: Effect of probiotic bacteria on the intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 28:1624–1631. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Khalesi S, Sun J, Buys N and Jayasinghe R: Effect of probiotics on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension. 64:897–903. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Silagy CA and Neil HA: A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens. 12:463–468. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Manager R: (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.3 Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. 2014.

28 

Kandziora J: Blutdruck und Lipidsenkende Wirkung eines Knoblauch-Präparates in Kombination mit einem Diuretikum. Blood pressure and lipid reducing effect of a garlic supplement in combination with a diuretic. Arztl Forsch. 35:3–8. 1988.(In German).

29 

Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, Hoehfeld E, Koehrle U, Lorenz A, Mader F, Merx W, Otto G, Schmid-Otto B, et al: Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: Garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 69:3–6. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Vorberg G and Schneider B: Therapy with garlic: Results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 69:7–11. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Holzgartner H, Schmidt U and Kuhn U: Comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of a garlic preparation vs. bezafibrate. Arzneimittelforschung. 42:1473–1477. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Santos O and Gruenwald J: Effect of garlic powder tablets on blood lipids and blood pressure: A six-month placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Res. 4:37–44. 1993.

33 

Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Demidova ON, Gorchakova T and Orekhov AN: Lipid-lowering effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 15:334–338. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Fomchenkov IV, Gorchakova TV and Orekhov AN: Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 32:433–437. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Nakasone Y, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto T and Yamaguchi H: Effect of a traditional Japanese garlic preparation on blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Exp Ther Med. 5:399–405. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mahdavi-Roshan M, Nasrollahzadeh J, Mohammad Zadeh A and Zahedmehr A: Does garlic supplementation control blood pressure in patients with severe coronary artery disease? A clinical trial study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 18:e238712016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zeb F, Safdar M, Fatima S, Khan S, Alam S, Muhammad M, Syed A, Habib F and Shakoor H: Supplementation of garlic and coriander seed powder: Impact on body mass index, lipid profile and blood pressure of hyperlipidemic patients. Pak J Pharm Sci. 31:1935–1941. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Reserve formula. Wakunaga of America Co. Ltd.; Mission Viejo, CA, USA: http://www.kyolic.com/product/category/reserve/

39 

Amagase H: Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic. J Nutr. 136 (Suppl):716S–725S. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, Kasuga S and Itakura Y: Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr. 131:955S–962S. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R and Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration, : Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 360:1903–1913. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, Chalmers J, Rodgers A and Rahimi K: Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 387:957–967. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Beard RS Jr and Bearden SE: Vascular complications of cystathionine β-synthase deficiency: Future directions for homocysteine-to-hydrogen sulfide research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 300:H13–H26. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Ried K, Toben C and Fakler P: Effect of garlic on serum lipids: An updated meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 71:282–299. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Rahman K: Effects of garlic on platelet biochemistry and physiology. Mol Nutr Food Res. 51:1335–1344. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Macan H, Uykimpang R, Alconcel M, Takasu J, Razon R, Amagase H and Niihara Y: Aged garlic extract may be safe for patients on warfarin therapy. J Nutr. 136 (Suppl 3):793S–795S. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Slavin J: Fiber and prebiotics: Mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 5:1417–1435. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Stefka AT, Feehley T, Tripathi P, Qiu J, McCoy K, Mazmanian SK, Tjota MY, Seo G-Y, Cao S, Theriault BR, et al: Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:13145–13150. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Feehley T, Stefka AT, Cao S and Nagler CR: Microbial regulation of allergic responses to food. Semin Immunopathol. 34:671–688. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ried K: Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 19: 1472-1478, 2020.
APA
Ried, K. (2020). Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374
MLA
Ried, K."Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.2 (2020): 1472-1478.
Chicago
Ried, K."Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 2 (2020): 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ried K: Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 19: 1472-1478, 2020.
APA
Ried, K. (2020). Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374
MLA
Ried, K."Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.2 (2020): 1472-1478.
Chicago
Ried, K."Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 2 (2020): 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8374
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team