Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 19 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model

  • Authors:
    • Jana Reiter
    • Jan Borlinghaus
    • Philipp Dörner
    • Wolfgang Schröder
    • Martin C.H. Gruhlke
    • Michael Klaas
    • Alan J. Slusarenko
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Plant Physiology (Bio3), RWTH Aachen University, D‑52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D‑52074 Aachen, Germany
    Copyright: © Reiter et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1541-1549
    |
    Published online on: December 27, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Allicin is a natural antibiotic produced by garlic as a defence against pathogens and pests. Due to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are desperately required. Allicin is such a candidate and is active against several multidrug‑resistant (MDR) strains of human pathogens, including methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). When administered orally, allicin is titrated out by glutathione in the cells and blood, and effective therapeutic concentrations are difficult to achieve at the site of an infection. However, in the case of lung infections, allicin can be delivered directly to pathogens via the pulmonary route. In this study, we designed and constructed an in vitro lung test rig, which allowed us to model accurately the exposure of lung air‑passage surfaces to allicin and gentamicin, in order to examine the feasibility of combating lung infections by direct inhalation. A prototype test rig of lung bronchi with three bifurcations was constructed, which could be coated internally with a thin layer of bacteria‑seeded agar medium. The deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the modelled bronchial surfaces was followed in preliminary tests without the need for animal experiments. The differential sensitivity of the test bacteria to different antibiotics and the dose‑dependency of inhibition was shown using the model. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of allicin vapour and ethanol in inhibiting bacterial growth was demonstrated. The modelling of the axial velocity air‑flow distribution correlated with the regions indicating the inhibition of bacterial growth, demonstrating that the model has predictive value and can reduce the requirement for animal sacrifice in pre‑clinical trials of novel antibiotics.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

View References

1 

Cavallito CJ and Bailey JH: Allicin, the antibacterial principle of Allium sativum. I. Isolation, physical properties and antibacterial action. J Am Chem Soc. 66:1950–1951. 1944. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Block E: Garlic and the other Alliums. The Lore and the Science (RSC Publishing); 2010

3 

Borlinghaus J, Albrecht F, Gruhlke MC, Nwachukwu ID and Slusarenko AJ: Allicin: Chemistry and biological properties. Molecules. 19:12591–12618. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Albrecht F, Leontiev R, Jacob C and Slusarenko AJ: An optimized facile procedure to synthesize and purify allicin. Molecules. 22(pii): E7702017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Cavallito CJ, Bailey JH and Buch J: Allicin, the antibacterial principle of Allium sativum. III. Its precursor and ‘essential oil of garlic’. J Am Chem Soc. 67:1032–1033. 1945. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Rabinkov A, Miron T, Konstantinovski L, Wilchek M, Mirelman D and Weiner L: The mode of action of allicin: Trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1379:233–244. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Rabinkov A, Miron T, Mirelman D, Wilchek M, Glozman S, Yavin E and Weiner L: S-allylmercaptoglutathione: The reaction product of allicin with glutathione possesses SH-modifying and antioxidant properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1499:144–153. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Miron T, Rabinkov A, Mirelman D, Wilchek M and Weiner L: The mode of action of allicin: Its ready permeability through phospholipid membranes may contribute to its biological activity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1463:20–30. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gruhlke MC, Hemmis B, Noll U, Wagner R, Luehring H and Slusarenko AJ: The defense substance allicin from garlic permeabilizes membranes of Beta vulgaris, Rhoeo discolor, Chara corallina and artificial lipid bilayers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1850:602–611. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Müller A, Eller J, Albrecht F, Prochnow P, Kuhlmann K, Bandow JE, Slusarenko AJ and Leichert LI: Allicin induces thiol stress in bacteria through S-Allylmercapto modification of protein cysteines. J Biol Chem. 291:11477–11490. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Reiter J, Levina N, van der Linden M, Gruhlke M, Martin C and Slusarenko AJ: Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a volatile antimicrobial from garlic (Allium sativum), kills human lung pathogenic bacteria, including MDR strains, as a vapor. Molecules. 22(pii): E17112017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Loi VV, Huyen NTT, Busche T, Tung QN, Gruhlke MCH, Kalinowski J, Bernhardt J, Slusarenko A and Antelmann H: Staphylococcus aureus responds to allicin by global S-thioallylation-role of the Brx/BSH/YpdA pathway and the disulfide reductase MerA to overcome allicin stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 139:55–59. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Gruhlke MCH, Antelmann H, Bernhardt J, Kloubert V, Rink L and Slusarenko AJ: The human allicin-proteome: S-thioallylation of proteins by the garlic defence substance allicin and its biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med. 131:144–153. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lawson LD and Hunsaker SM: Allicin bioavailability and bioequivalence from garlic supplements and garlic foods. Nutrients. 10(pii): E8122018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PØ, Rasmussen TB, Christophersen L, Calum H, Hentzer M, Hougen HP, Rygaard J, Moser C, Eberl L, et al: Garlic blocks quorum sensing and promotes rapid clearing of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Microbiology. 151:3873–3880. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Smyth AR, Cifelli PM, Ortori CA, Righetti K, Lewis S, Erskine P, Holland ED, Givskov M, Williams P, Camara M, et al: Garlic as an inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing in cystic fibrosis-a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 45:356–362. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Minchin WC: A study in tubercle virus, polymorphism and the treatment of tuberculosis and lupus with Oleum alii. 3rd. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox; London: pp. 1101927

18 

Sheppard JG and Long TE: Allicin-inspired fluoroquinolones as antibacterials against ESKAPE pathogens. Bioorg Medic Chem Lett. 26:5545–5549. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Högberg LD, Heddini A and Cars O: The global need for effective antibiotics: Challenges and recent advances. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 31:509–515. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ventola CL: The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats. P T. 40:277–283. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Powers JH: Antimicrobial drug development-the past, the present, and the future. Clin Microbiol Infect. 10 (Suppl 4):S23–S31. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Silver LL: Challenges of antibacterial discovery. Clin Microbiol Rev. 24:71–109. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Muto CA, Jernigan JA, Ostrowsky BE, Richet HM, Jarvis WR, Boyce JM and Farr BM: SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 24:362–386. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Georg AM, Jones PM and Middleton PG: Cystic fibrosis infections: Treatment strategies and prospects. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 300:153–164. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Davies J and Davies D: Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 74:417–433. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Croucher NJ, Harris SR, Fraser C, Quail MA, Burton J, van der Linden M, McGee L, von Gottberg A, Song JH, Ko KS, et al: Rapid pneumococcal evolution in response to clinical interventions. Science. 331:430–435. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Dini C, Fabbri A and Geraci A: The potential role of garlic (Allium sativum) against the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis pandemic: A review. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 47:465–473. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Dörner P, Müller PM, Reiter J, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Schröder W and Klaas M: Feasibility of a surface-coated lung model for the quantification of active agent deposition for preclinical studies. bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/639245.

29 

Borlinghaus J, Bolger A, Schier C, Vogel A, Gruhlke MCH and Slusarenko AJ: Plant-microbe co-evolution: allicin resistance in a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain (PfAR-1) isolated from garlic. bioRxiv. 769265doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/769265.

30 

Karunakaran R, Mauchline TH, Hosie AH and Poole PS: A family of promoter probe vectors incorporating autofluorescent and chromogenic reporter proteins for studying gene expression in Gram-negative bacteria. Microbiology. 151:3249–3256. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Leontiev R, Hohaus N, Jacob C, Gruhlke MCH and Slusarenko AJ: A comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of thiosulfinate analogues of allicin. Sci Rep. 8:67632018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Horn T, Bettray W, Slusarenko AJ and Gruhlke MCH: S-allylmercaptoglutathione is a substrate for glutathione reductase (E.C. 1.8.1.7) from Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Antioxidants. 7(pii): E862018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Koch HP and Lawson LD: Garlic: The science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams & Wilkins; Baltimore, MD: 1996

34 

Gruhlke MC, Nicco C, Batteux F and Slusarenko AJ: The effects of allicin, a reactive sulfur species from garlic, on a selection of mammalian cell lines. Antioxidants. 6(pii): E12016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Cantin AM, North SL, Hubbard RC and Crystal RG: Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione. J Appl Physiol. 63:152–157. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Rahman I: Inflammation and the regulation of glutathione level in lung epithelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 1:425–447. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

van der Poll T and Opal SM: Pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia. Lancet. 374:1543–1556. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Lüngen AE, Bezela S, Kniebs C, Cornelissen CG, Jockenhoevel S and Thiebes AL: Differentiation and evaluation of respiratory epithelial cells on polycarbonate urethane nonwovens. Pneumologie. 73:1172019.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Reiter J, Borlinghaus J, Dörner P, Schröder W, Gruhlke MC, Klaas M and Slusarenko AJ: Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Exp Ther Med 19: 1541-1549, 2020.
APA
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M.C., Klaas, M., & Slusarenko, A.J. (2020). Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 1541-1549. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
MLA
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M. C., Klaas, M., Slusarenko, A. J."Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.2 (2020): 1541-1549.
Chicago
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M. C., Klaas, M., Slusarenko, A. J."Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 2 (2020): 1541-1549. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Reiter J, Borlinghaus J, Dörner P, Schröder W, Gruhlke MC, Klaas M and Slusarenko AJ: Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Exp Ther Med 19: 1541-1549, 2020.
APA
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M.C., Klaas, M., & Slusarenko, A.J. (2020). Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 1541-1549. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
MLA
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M. C., Klaas, M., Slusarenko, A. J."Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.2 (2020): 1541-1549.
Chicago
Reiter, J., Borlinghaus, J., Dörner, P., Schröder, W., Gruhlke, M. C., Klaas, M., Slusarenko, A. J."Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 2 (2020): 1541-1549. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team