Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2020 Volume 19 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2020 Volume 19 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages

  • Authors:
    • Yujiao Sun
    • Ling Chen
    • Shijie Zhao
    • Liye Shi
    • Hua Li
    • Wen Tian
    • Guoxian Qi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3787-3797
    |
    Published online on: April 1, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8632
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The treatment of atherosclerosis remains complex. Pitavastatin serves an important role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticle (NP)‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin into atherosclerotic plaques as a novel treatment method for atherosclerosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that pitavastatin‑NP was more effective in attenuating the size of atherosclerotic plaques and enhancing the stability of plaques in vitro compared with pitavastatin alone. In an apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‑knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis, a single intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate‑NP resulted in the delivery of NP into atherosclerotic plaques for up to 7 days post‑injection. In ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages, pitavastatin‑NP attenuated the development of atherosclerosis, which was associated with regulating lipid metabolism, and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory markers compared with pitavastatin alone. Additionally, the treatment advantages of pitavastatin‑NP were independent of lipid lowering. The results demonstrated that pitavastatin‑NP administration was more effective in attenuating the development of atherosclerotic plaques compared with systemic administration of pitavastatin.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, Kirby A, Sourjina T, Peto R, Collins R, et al: Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 366:1267–1278. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Kawashiri MA, Yamagishi M, Sakamoto T, Takayama T, Hiro T, Daida H, Hirayama A, Saito S, Yamaguchi T, Matsuzaki M and COSMOS Investigators: Impact of intensive lipid lowering on lipid profiles over time and tolerability in stable coronary artery disease: Insights from a subanalysis of the coronary atherosclerosis study measuring effects of rosuvastatin using intravascular ultrasound in Japanese subjects (COSMOS). Cardiovasc Ther. 31:335–343. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wakabayashi K, Nozue T, Yamamoto S, Tohyama S, Fukui K, Umezawa S, Onishi Y, Kunishima T, Sato A, Miyake S, et al: Efficacy of statin therapy in inducing coronary plaque regression in patients with low baseline cholesterol levels. J Atheroscler Thromb. 23:1055–1066. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Ballantyne CM, Davignon J, Erbel R, Fruchart JC, Tardif JC, et al: Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID trial. JAMA. 295:1556–1565. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Matoba T and Egashira K: Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery system for cardiovascular disease. Int Heart J. 55:281–286. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Chen L, Nakano K, Kimura S, Matoba T, Iwata E, Miyagawa M, Tsujimoto H, Nagaoka K, Kishimoto J, Sunagawa K and Egashira K: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin into lungs ameliorates the development and induces regression of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension. Hypertension. 57:343–350. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Kubo M, Egashira K, Inoue T, Koga J, Oda S, Chen L, Nakano K, Matoba T, Kawashima Y, Hara K, et al: Therapeutic neovascularization by nanotechnology-mediated cell-selective delivery of pitavastatin into the vascular endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 29:796–801. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Oda S, Nagahama R, Nakano K, Matoba T, Kubo M, Sunagawa K, Tominaga R and Egashira K: Nanoparticle-mediated endothelial cell-selective delivery of pitavastatin induces functional collateral arteries (therapeutic arteriogenesis) in a rabbit model of chronic hind limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 52:412–420. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Tsukie N, Nakano K, Matoba T, Masuda S, Iwata E, Miyagawa M, Zhao G, Meng W, Kishimoto J, Sunagawa K and Egashira K: Pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticle-eluting stents attenuate in-stent stenosis without delayed endothelial healing effects in a porcine coronary artery model. J Atheroscler Thromb. 20:32–45. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Starr T, Bauler TJ, Malik-Kale P and Steele-Mortimer O: The phorbol 12-myristate- 13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 13(e0193601)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Daley JM, Thomay AA, Connolly MD, Reichner JS and Albina JE: Use of Ly6G-specific monoclonal antibody to deplete neutrophils in mice. J Leukoc Biol. 83:64–70. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Lee PY, Wang JX, Parisini E, Dascher CC and Nigrovic PA: Ly6 family proteins in neutrophil biology. J Leukoc Biol. 94:585–594. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Leuschner F, Dutta P, Gorbatov R, Novobrantseva TI, Donahoe JS, Courties G, Lee KM, Kim JI, Markmann JF, Marinelli B, et al: Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice. Nat Biotechnol. 29:1005–1010. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Banfi C, Baetta R, Gianazza E and Tremoli E: Technological advances and proteomic applications in drug discovery and target deconvolution: Identification of the pleiotropic effects of statins. Drug Discov Today. 22:848–869. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Helin-Salmivaara A, Lavikainen PT, Korhonen MJ, Halava H, Martikainen JE, Saastamoinen LK, Virta L, Klaukka T and Huupponen R: Pattern of statin use among 10 cohorts of new users from 1995 to 2004: A register-based nationwide study. Am J Manag Care. 16:116–122. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M and Tu JV: Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 288:462–467. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Bhavane R, Badea C, Ghaghada KB, Clark D, Vela D, Moturu A and Annapragada A, Johnson GA, Willerson JT and Annapragada A: Dual-energy computed tomography imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model using a liposomal-iodine nanoparticle contrast agent. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 6:285–294. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M and Pittet MJ: Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles. Nat Mater. 13:125–138. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Mulder WJ and Fayad ZA: Nanomedicine captures cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28:801–802. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Leuschner F and Nahrendorf M: Molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: Considerations for the bench and perspectives for the clinic. Circ Res. 108:593–606. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Michalska M, Machtoub L, Manthey HD, Bauer E, Herold V, Krohne G, Lykowsky G, Hildenbrand M, Kampf T, Jakob P, et al: Visualization of vascular inflammation in the atherosclerotic mouse by ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-specific nanoparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 32:2350–2357. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Nagahama R, Matoba T, Nakano K, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Sunagawa K and Egashira K: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pioglitazone enhances therapeutic neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 32:2427–2434. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kimura S, Egashira K, Chen L, Nakano K, Iwata E, Miyagawa M, Tsujimoto H, Hara K, Morishita R, Sueishi K, et al: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of nuclear factor kappaB decoy into lungs ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertension. 53:877–883. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Kimura S, Egashira K, Nakano K, Iwata E, Miyagawa M, Tsujimoto H, Hara K, Kawashima Y, Tominaga R and Sunagawa K: Local delivery of imatinib mesylate (STI571)-incorporated nanoparticle ex vivo suppresses vein graft neointima formation. Circulation. 118(14 Suppl):S65–S70. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Nagaoka K, Matoba T, Mao Y, Nakano Y, Ikeda G, Egusa S, Tokutome M, Nagahama R, Nakano K, Sunagawa K and Egashira K: A new therapeutic modality for acute myocardial infarction: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin induces cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and anti-inflammation in a rat model. PLoS One. 10(e0132451)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Nakano K, Egashira K, Masuda S, Funakoshi K, Zhao G, Kimura S, Matoba T, Sueishi K, Endo Y, Kawashima Y, et al: Formulation of nanoparticle-eluting stents by a cationic electrodeposition coating technology: Efficient nano-drug delivery via bioabsorbable polymeric nanoparticle-eluting stents in porcine coronary arteries. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2:277–283. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Matoba T, Koga JI, Nakano K, Egashira K and Tsutsui H: Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery system for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol. 70:206–211. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Zhang W, Yancey PG, Su YR, Babaev VR, Zhang Y, Fazio S and Linton MF: Inactivation of macrophage scavenger receptor class B type I promotes atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 108:2258–2263. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

McLaren JE, Michael DR, Ashlin TG and Ramji DP: Cytokines, macrophage lipid metabolism and foam cells: Implications for cardiovascular disease therapy. Prog Lipid Res. 50:331–347. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Leon C, Hill JS and Wasan KM: Potential role of acyl-coenzyme A: Cholesterol transferase (ACAT) inhibitors as hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerosis drugs. Pharm Res. 22:1578–1588. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Berman JP, Farkouh ME and Rosenson RS: Emerging anti-inflammatory drugs for atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 18:193–205. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Katsuki S, Matoba T, Nakashiro S, Sato K, Koga J, Nakano K, Nakano Y, Egusa S, Sunagawa K and Egashira K: Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin inhibits atherosclerotic plaque destabilization/rupture in mice by regulating the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. Circulation. 129:896–906. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sun Y, Chen L, Zhao S, Shi L, Li H, Tian W and Qi G: Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages. Exp Ther Med 19: 3787-3797, 2020.
APA
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., & Qi, G. (2020). Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 3787-3797. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8632
MLA
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., Qi, G."Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.6 (2020): 3787-3797.
Chicago
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., Qi, G."Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 6 (2020): 3787-3797. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8632
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sun Y, Chen L, Zhao S, Shi L, Li H, Tian W and Qi G: Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages. Exp Ther Med 19: 3787-3797, 2020.
APA
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., & Qi, G. (2020). Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 3787-3797. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8632
MLA
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., Qi, G."Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19.6 (2020): 3787-3797.
Chicago
Sun, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Li, H., Tian, W., Qi, G."Effects of nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE‑knockout mice and THP‑1‑derived macrophages". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 6 (2020): 3787-3797. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8632
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team