Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2020 Volume 20 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2020 Volume 20 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Zhilong Huang
    • Tingting Wang
    • Wenjun Xia
    • Qing Li
    • Xinlei Chen
    • Xiaoli Liu
    • Peng Wei
    • Wenping Xu
    • Meirong Lv
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China, Department of Urology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng, Shandong 251200, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesia, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China, Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1431-1440
    |
    Published online on: June 10, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8856
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

A number of previous studies have demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy can increase the cellular cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in urothelial cancer cells. However, the mechanistic roles of autophagy in gemcitabine (GEM) resistant bladder cancer cells have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, immunohistochemistry staining of autophagy marker LC3 was performed in bladder cancer and healthy control tissues and demonstrated an essential role of autophagy in cancer development. A GEM‑resistant cell line was established to assess the effects of autophagy on the acquisition of GEM resistance. Western blotting of autophagy markers in GEM‑resistant bladder cancer cells suggested that GEM resistance was caused, at least partially, by GEM‑induced autophagy. GEM resistance was demonstrated to be reversed by the inhibition of autophagy by 3‑methyladenine. In addition, oblongifolin C (OC), a novel autophagic flux inhibitor purified from traditional Chinese medicine, was found to enhance the efficiency of GEM in GEM‑resistant bladder cancer cells by inhibiting autophagic flux. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that autophagy serves an important role in bladder cancer development and GEM resistance. OC treatment has the ability to reverse GEM‑resistance in bladder cancer cells by suppressing autophagic flux, thereby providing a potential adjunctive therapeutic option for bladder cancer GEM treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Chang SS, Bochner BH, Chou R, et al: Treatment of Nonmetastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: American Urological Association/American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society for Radiation Oncology/Society of Urologic Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Summary. J Oncol Pract. 13:621–625. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Li K and Lin T: Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium W, et al.Current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China - Analyses of Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium database. Asian J Urol. 2:63–69. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Milbar N, Kates M, Chappidi MR, et al: Oncological Outcomes of Sequential Intravesical Gemcitabine and Docetaxel in Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Bl cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 3:293–303. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Berg T, Nøttrup TJ and Roed H: Gemcitabine for recurrent ovarian cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 155:530–537. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

DH J: Gemcitabine for the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology (Williston Park) 15, 2001.

6 

Schlack K, Boegemann M, Steinestel J, Schrader AJ and Krabbe LM: The safety and efficacy of gemcitabine for the treatment of bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 16:255–271. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Binenbaum Y, Na’Ara S and Gil Z: Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Drug Resist Updat. 23:55–68. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Dyawanapelly S, Kumar A and Chourasia MK: Lessons learned from gemcitabine: Impact of therapeutic carrier systems and gemcitabine’s drug conjugates on cancer therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 34:63–69. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Jia Y and Xie J: Promising molecular mechanisms responsible for gemcitabine resistance in cancer. Genes Dis. 2:299–306. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Nakano T, Saiki Y, Kudo C, et al: Acquisition of chemoresistance to gemcitabine is induced by a loss-of-function missense mutation of DCK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 464:1084–1089. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Kao Y-T, Hsu W-C, Hu H-T, et al: Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in acquired gemcitabine-resistant human urothelial carcinoma sublines. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 30:323–30. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Seo HK, Ahn K-O, Jung N-R, et al: Antitumor activity of the c-Myc inhibitor KSI-3716 in gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer. Oncotarget. 5:326–37. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Mizushima N and Komatsu M: Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues. Cell. 147:728–741. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Nakamura S and Yoshimori T: New insights into autophagosome-lysosome fusion. J Cell Sci. 130:1209–1216. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Thorburn A, Thamm DH and Gustafson DL: Autophagy and cancer therapy. Mol Pharmacol. 85:830–8. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Liu S, Xie F, Wang H, Liu Z, Liu X, Sun L and Niu Z: Ubenimex inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma: the effect is autophagy-associated. Oncol Rep. 33:1372–80. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Liu S, Wang X, Lu J, et al: Ubenimex enhances the radiosensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells by inducing autophagic cell death. Oncol Lett. 12:3403–3410. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Huang X-L, Zhang H, Yang X-Y, et al: Activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated autophagy pathway attenuates the anticancer activity of gemcitabine in human bladder cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 28:596–602. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Kou B, Liu W, Xu X, et al: Autophagy induction enhances tetrandrine-induced apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway in human bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 38:3137–3143. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T, et al: LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 19:5720–8. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Miracco C, Cevenini G, Franchi A, et al: Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic gene expression in cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Hum Pathol. 41:503–12. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Yu L, Chen Y and Tooze SA: Autophagy pathway: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Autophagy. 14:207–215. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Yoshii SR and Mizushima N: Monitoring and measuring autophagy. Int J Mol Sci. 18:2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Xu X-W, Pan C-W, Yang X-M, Zhou L, Zheng Z-Q and Li D-C: SP1 reduces autophagic flux through activating p62 in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 17:4633–4638. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ojha R, Singh SK, Bhattacharyya S, Dhanda RS, Rakha A, Mandal AK and Jha V: Inhibition of grade dependent autophagy in urothelial carcinoma increases cell death under nutritional limiting condition and potentiates the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent. J Urol. 191:1889–98. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Nie J, Zhao C, Deng L, et al: Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cancer (Review). Biomed Reports. 4:3–14. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Tariq A, Sadia S, Pan K, et al: A systematic review on ethnomedicines of anti-cancer plants. Phyther Res. 31:202–264. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Xu G, Feng C, Zhou Y, et al: Bioassay and ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry guided isolation of apoptosis-inducing benzophenones and xanthone from the pericarp of Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. J Agric Food Chem. 56:11144–50. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Zhang A, He W, Shi H, Huang X and Ji G: Natural compound oblongifolin C inhibits autophagic flux, and induces apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. Mol Med Rep. 14:3179–3183. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kilani RT, Tamimi Y, Karmali S, Mackey J, Hanel EG, Wong KK and Moore RB: Selective cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cell lines. Anticancer Drugs. 13:557–566. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Sun L, Lu J, Niu Z, et al: A Potent Chemotherapeutic Strategy with Eg5 Inhibitor against Gemcitabine Resistant Bladder Cancer. PLoS One. 10(e0144484)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Kirkali Z, Chan T, Manoharan M, et al: Bladder cancer: Epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis. In: Urology. vol. 66:pp4–34. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Li W, Li S, Li Y, et al: Immunofluorescence staining protocols for major autophagy proteins including LC3, P62, and ULK1 in mammalian cells in response to normoxia and hypoxia. In: Methods in Molecular Biology. vol. 1854 Humana Press Inc.:pp175–185. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Mozes E, Hunya A, Posa A, Penke B and Datki Z: A novel method for the rapid determination of beta-amyloid toxicity on acute hippocampal slices using MTT and LDH assays. Brain Res Bull. 87:521–5. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Lao Y, Wan G, Liu Z, et al: The natural compound oblongifolin C inhibits autophagic flux and enhances antitumor efficacy of nutrient deprivation. Autophagy. 10:736–749. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Maulucci G, Chiarpotto M, Papi M, Samengo D, Pani G and Spirito M De: Quantitative analysis of autophagic flux by confocal pH-imaging of autophagic intermediates. Autophagy. 11:1905–1916. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Kroemer G, Mariño G and Levine B: Autophagy and the Integrated Stress Response. Mol Cell. 40:280–293. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Zhou S, Zhao L, Kuang M, et al: Autophagy in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Cancer Lett. 323:115–27. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Xi G, Hu X, Wu B, Jiang H, Young CYF, Pang Y and Yuan H: Autophagy inhibition promotes paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 307:141–8. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Su Z, Yang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y and Yu Q: Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer. 14:2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Shi Z, Li C, Zhao S, et al: A systems biology analysis of autophagy in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett. 337:149–60. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Wang F, Tian X, Zhang Z, et al: Demethylzeylasteral (ZST93) inhibits cell growth and enhances cell chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells via apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Int J Cancer. 142:1938–1951. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Sun WL, Chen J, Wang YP and Zheng H: Autophagy protects breast cancer cells from epirubicin-induced apoptosis and facilitates epirubicin-resistance development. Autophagy. 7:1035–1044. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Li Y, Xi Z, Chen X, et al: Natural compound Oblongifolin C confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by downregulating Src/MAPK/ERK pathways article. Cell Death Dis. 9(538)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Takeuchi H, Mmeje CO, Jinesh GG, Taoka R and Kamat AM: Sequential gemcitabine and tamoxifen treatment enhances apoptosis and blocks transformation in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 34:2738–2744. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Chude CI and Amaravadi RK: Targeting autophagy in cancer: Update on clinical trials and novel inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 18:2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang Z, Wang T, Xia W, Li Q, Chen X, Liu X, Wei P, Xu W and Lv M: Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 20: 1431-1440, 2020.
APA
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X. ... Lv, M. (2020). Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8856
MLA
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X., Wei, P., Xu, W., Lv, M."Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.2 (2020): 1431-1440.
Chicago
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X., Wei, P., Xu, W., Lv, M."Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 2 (2020): 1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8856
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang Z, Wang T, Xia W, Li Q, Chen X, Liu X, Wei P, Xu W and Lv M: Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 20: 1431-1440, 2020.
APA
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X. ... Lv, M. (2020). Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8856
MLA
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X., Wei, P., Xu, W., Lv, M."Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.2 (2020): 1431-1440.
Chicago
Huang, Z., Wang, T., Xia, W., Li, Q., Chen, X., Liu, X., Wei, P., Xu, W., Lv, M."Oblongifolin C reverses GEM resistance via suppressing autophagy flux in bladder cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 2 (2020): 1431-1440. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8856
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team