Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis

  • Authors:
    • Guopeng Weng
    • Peigang Tian
    • Xiaojun Yan
    • Qinghong Cheng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China, Department of Cardiac Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Weng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 58
    |
    Published online on: September 4, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9186
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein (H‑FABP) in patients with sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction. A total of 30 healthy subjects served as the control group and 80 patients with sepsis were recruited for the present single‑center prospective observational study for the final analysis. Among these patients, 50 developed cardiac dysfunction, while no cardiac dysfunction was detected in the remaining 30 patients. Echocardiography was performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 10 of hospitalization. Routine blood biochemistry, serum H‑FABP, N‑terminal pro‑brain natriuretic peptide (NT‑proBNP) and troponin I were also analyzed. Alterations in cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography results were compared between patients with sepsis who did and who did not develop any cardiac dysfunction to determine the time of the occurrence of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, the significance of H‑FABP in the prediction of the 28‑day mortality rate was evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis for sepsis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, the specificity and sensitivity of H‑FABP in the prediction of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction were verified using ROC curve analysis. For patients with cardiac dysfunction, the levels of cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), mitral early diastolic peak velocity to mitral atrial systolic peak velocity ratio (E/A) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were relatively decreased, while the levels of H‑FABP and NT‑proBNP were markedly increased compared with patients with sepsis and without cardiac dysfunction. CO and SV initially increased and subsequently decreased. EF was elevated, and E/A initially decreased and subsequently increased. Furthermore, H‑FABP and NT‑proBNP decreased in sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction. The results of the ROC curve and binary logistic regression analyses suggest that H‑FABP was associated with the 28‑day prognosis for patients with sepsis. An H‑FABP level of >35.7 ng/ml was able to predict the 28‑day mortality for patients with sepsis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.680. Furthermore, >30.3 ng/ml was the threshold for the prediction of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.27 and 61.76%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.673. In summary, patients with sepsis had an increased risk of cardiac insufficiency on days 7‑10 of hospitalization. In addition, H‑FABP may serve as an indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis in the short term, which has a certain significance in the diagnosis of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, et al: Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 43:304–377. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, Seymour CW, Liu VX, Deutschman CS, Angus DC, Rubenfeld GD and Singer M: Sepsis Definitions Task Force. Developing a new definition and assessing new clinical criteria for septic shock: For the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 315:775–787. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Zhou J, Qian C, Zhao M, Yu X, Kang Y, Ma X, Ai Y, Xu Y, Liu D, An Y, et al: Epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in intensive care units in mainland China. PLoS One. 9(e107181)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Zanotti-Cavazzoni SL and Hollenberg SM: Cardiac dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care. 15:392–397. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Chong J, Dumont T, Francis-Frank L and Balaan M: Sepsis and septic shock: A review. Crit Care Nurs Q. 38:111–120. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Fletcher N, Landesberg G, Benedetto U, Foex P and Cecconi M: Erratum to: Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in septic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 41:1178–1179. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Brennan LM, Widder MW, McAleer MK, Mayo MW, Greis AP and van der Schalie WH: Preparation and testing of impedance-based fluidic biochips with RTgill-W1 cells for rapid evaluation of drinking water samples for toxicity. J Vis Exp, 2016.

8 

Werdan K, Schmidt H, Ebelt H, Zorn-Pauly K, Koidl B, Hoke RS, Heinroth K and Müller-Werdan U: Impaired regulation of cardiac function in sepsis, SIRS, and MODS. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 87:266–274. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, Solomon SD, Louie EK and Schiller NB: Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: A report from the American society of echocardiography endorsed by the European association of echocardiography, a registered branch of the European society of cardiology, and the canadian society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 23:685–713. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Group CMAUMBE. Chinese adult echocardiography examination and measurement guide. Chin J Ultrasonography. 25:645–666. 2016.(In Chinese).

11 

Pulido JN, Afessa B, Masaki M, Yuasa T, Gillespie S, Herasevich V, Brown DR and Oh JK: Frequency and clinical spectrum of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock. Mayo Clin Proc. 87:620–628. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Sato R, Kuriyama A, Takada T, Nasu M and Luthe SK: Prevalence and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(e5031)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Colvin MM, Drazner MH, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, et al: 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart failure society of America. J Am Coll Cardiol. 70:776–803. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Kakihana Y, Ito T, Nakahara M, Yamaguchi K and Yasuda T: Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: Pathophysiology and management. J Intensive Care. 4(22)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Sato R and Nasu M: A review of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. J Intensive Care. 3(48)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Luo JQ, LI JC and Long ZH: The clinical application of heart-fatty acid binding protein in AMI early diagnosis. Chin J Clin Pathologist. 1:22–25. 2016.(In Chinese).

17 

Zhang ZC, Dai HW, Yu YH, Yang JD and Hu CB: Usefulness of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in patients with severe sepsis. J Crit Care. 27:e413–e415.e418. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Chen YX and Li CS: The prognostic and risk-stratified value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in septic patients in the emergency department. J Crit Care. 29:512–516. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

You HJ, Kim K, Lee JH, Rhee JE, Lee JH, Kang KW, Rim KP, Hwang SS and Park HM: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein as a prognostic factor in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Am J Emerg Med. 30:1749–1755. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, et al: The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 315:801–810. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF III, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, Flachskampf FA, Gillebert TC, Klein AL, Lancellotti P, et al: Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 29:277–314. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP and Zimmerman JE: APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 13:818–829. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Holubarsch C, Ruf T, Goldstein DJ, Ashton RC, Nickl W, Pieske B, Pioch K, Ludemann J, Wiesner S, Hasenfuss G, et al: Existence of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the failing human heart Investigations on the organ, tissue, and sarcomere levels. Circulation. 94:683–689. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Shiels HA and White E: The frank-starling mechanism in vertebrate cardiac myocytes. J Exp Biol. 211:2005–2013. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Redfors B, Shao Y and Omerovic E: Male rats are more prone to develop Takotsubo-like cardiac dysfunction in response to high-dose catecholamine than are female rats. Eur Heart J. 34(P5047)2013.

26 

Chaui-Berlinck JG and Monteiro LHA: Frank-Starling mechanism and short-term adjustment of cardiac flow. J Exp Biol. 220:4391–4398. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Bacharach SL, Green MV, Natanson C, Frederick TM, Damske BA and Parrillo JE: Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med. 100:483–490. 1984.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Khoury J, Arow M, Elias A, Makhoul BF, Berger G, Kaplan M, Mashiach T, Ismael-Badarneh R, Aronson D and Azzam ZS: The prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in non-cardiac patients with sepsis, ultra-long follow-up. J Crit Care. 42:117–122. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Lin CW, Tang W, Wen F, Chen JJ, Zeng XL and Chen ZG: Diagnostic accuracy of NT-ProBNP for heart failure with sepsis in patients younger than 18 years. PLoS One. 11(e0147930)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Storch J and Thumser AE: The fatty acid transport function of fatty acid-binding proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1486:28–44. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Smathers RL and Petersen DR: The human fatty acid-binding protein family: Evolutionary divergences and functions. Hum Genomics. 5:170–191. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Wang Y, Guo Z and Huang L: Value of different biochemical markers in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 34:1347–1350. 2014.PubMed/NCBI(In Chinese).

33 

Cubranic Z, Madzar Z, Matijevic S, Dvornik S, Fisic E, Tomulic V, Kunisek J, Laskarin G, Kardum I and Zaputovic L: Diagnostic accuracy of heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 22:225–236. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Jo YH, Kim K, Lee JH, Rhee JE, Lee JH, Kang KW, Rim KP, Hwang SS and Park HM: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein as a prognostic factor in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Am J Emerg Med. 30:1749–1755. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Fan TT, Feng XY, Yang YZ, Gao F and Liu Q: Downregulation of PI3K-g in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Cytokine. 96:208–216. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Hartemink KJ, Twisk JW and Groeneveld AB: High circulating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is associated with greater systolic cardiac dysfunction and nonresponsiveness to fluids in septic vs nonseptic critically ill patients. J Crit Care. 26:e101–e108. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Tomaru Ki K, Arai M, Yokoyama T, Aihara Y, Sekiguchi Ki K, Tanaka T, Nagai R and Kurabayashi M: Transcriptional activation of the BNP gene by lipopolysaccharide is mediated through GATA elements in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 34:649–659. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Lorts A, Burroughs T and Shanley TP: Elucidating the role of reversible protein phosphorylation in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Shock. 32:49–54. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Kandil E, Burack J, Sawas A, Bibawy H, Schwartzman A, Zenilman ME and Bluth MH: B-type natriuretic peptide: A biomarker for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with septic shock. Arch Surg. 143:242–246. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Landesberg G, Levin PD, Gilon D, Goodman S, Georgieva M, Weissman C, Jaffe AS, Sprung CL and Barak V: Myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock: No correlation with inflammatory cytokines in real-life clinical setting. Chest. 148:93–102. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Yan GT, Lin J, Hao XH, Xue H, Zhang K and Wang LH: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is a useful marker for organ dysfunction and leptin alleviates sepsis-induced organ injuries by restraining its tissue levels. Eur J Pharmacol. 616:244–250. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Tanaka T, Hirota Y, Sohmiya K, Nishimura S and Kawamura K: Serum and urinary human heart fatty acid-binding protein in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Biochem. 24:195–201. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF III, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, Flachskampf FA, Gillebert TC, Klein AL, Lancellotti P, et al: Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 17:1321–1360. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Echocardiography Group of Ultrasound Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guide for Chinese adult echocardiography examination and measurement. Chin J Ultrasonogr. 25:645–666. 2016.

45 

Landesberg G, Gilon D, Meroz Y, Georgieva M, Levin PD, Goodman S, Avidan A, Beeri R, Weissman C, Jaffe AS and Sprung CL: Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. Eur Heart J. 33:895–903. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Weng G, Tian P, Yan X and Cheng Q: Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis. Exp Ther Med 20: 58, 2020.
APA
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., & Cheng, Q. (2020). Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9186
MLA
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., Cheng, Q."Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.5 (2020): 58.
Chicago
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., Cheng, Q."Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 5 (2020): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9186
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Weng G, Tian P, Yan X and Cheng Q: Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis. Exp Ther Med 20: 58, 2020.
APA
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., & Cheng, Q. (2020). Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9186
MLA
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., Cheng, Q."Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.5 (2020): 58.
Chicago
Weng, G., Tian, P., Yan, X., Cheng, Q."Altered function of the left ventricle and clinical significance of heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein in cardiac dysfunction among patients with sepsis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 5 (2020): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9186
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team