Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 21 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 21 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells

  • Authors:
    • Xuemei Han
    • Yan Zhuang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Respiratory Department, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1
    |
    Published online on: November 2, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9433
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Air pollution can highly impact the respiratory system in healthy individuals. Studies have indicated that particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) can be considered to be harmful for lung alveoli and bronchial epithelium cells. PM2.5 can be directly inhaled and can deeply penetrate into the lung alveoli, causing lung dysfunction. However, the toxicological mechanism mediated by PM2.5 for respiratory disease has still not been clearly determined. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on mouse bronchial epithelium cells (MBECs) and explored the possible mechanism mediated by PM2.5 in MBECs. The results of the current study indicated that PM2.5 markedly decreased lung function, including total lung capacity, residual volume, vital capacity and airway resistance in experimental mice. The results demonstrated that PM2.5 markedly induced inflammatory responses, oxidative injury and MBEC apoptosis. PM2.5 increased interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 expression, and reactive oxygen species production in MBECs. Furthermore, PM2.5 specifically induced PI3K, AKT and mTOR expression in MBECs. Disruption of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was also indicated to effectively inhibit apoptosis of MBECs. In conclusion, the results of the current study systematically demonstrated the role of apoptosis‑mediated MBEC apoptosis in PM2.5‑treated mice, and provides a potential strategy for preclinical intervention in patients with PM2.5‑induced lung diseases.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Lee D, Rushworth A and Sahu SK: A Bayesian localized conditional autoregressive model for estimating the health effects of air pollution. Biometrics. 70:419–429. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Fleischer NL, Merialdi M, van Donkelaar A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Martin RV, Betran AP and Souza JP: Outdoor air pollution, preterm birth, and low birth weight: Analysis of the world health organization global survey on maternal and perinatal health. Environ Health Perspect. 122:425–430. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wong GW: Air pollution and health. Lancet Respir Med. 2:8–9. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Choi JH, Kim JS, Kim YC, Kim YS, Chung NH and Cho MH: Comparative study of PM2.5- and PM10-induced oxidative stress in rat lung epithelial cells. J Vet Sci. 5:11–18. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nam HY, Choi BH, Lee JY, Lee SG, Kim YH, Lee KH, Yoon HK, Song JS, Kim HJ and Lim Y: The role of nitric oxide in the particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced NFkappaB activation in lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett. 148:95–102. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Harder SD, Soukup JM, Ghio AJ, Devlin RB and Becker S: Inhalation of PM2.5 does not modulate host defense or immune parameters in blood or lung of normal human subjects. Environ Health Perspect. 109 (Suppl 4):599–604. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Deng F, Guo X, Liu H, Fang X, Yang M and Chen W: Effects of dust storm PM2.5 on cell proliferation and cell cycle in human lung fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro. 21:632–638. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Dagher Z, Garcon G, Billet S, Verdin A, Ledoux F, Courcot D, Aboukais A and Shirali P: Role of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in the adverse effects induced by air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5) in human epithelial lung cells (L132) in culture. J Appl Toxicol. 27:284–290. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Dagher Z, Garcon G, Billet S, Gosset P, Ledoux F, Courcot D, Aboukais A and Shirali P: Activation of different pathways of apoptosis by air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5) in human epithelial lung cells (L132) in culture. Toxicology. 225:12–24. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Gu LZ, Sun H and Chen JH: Histone deacetylases 3 deletion restrains PM2.5-induced mice lung injury by regulating NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother. 85:756–762. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Deng X, Feng N, Zheng M, Ye X, Lin H, Yu X, Gan Z, Fang Z, Zhang H, Gao M, et al: PM2.5 exposure-induced autophagy is mediated by lncRNA loc146880 which also promotes the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 1861:112–125. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Badyda AJ, Grellier J and Dabrowiecki P: Ambient PM2.5 exposure and mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases in polish cities. Adv Exp Med Biol. 944:9–17. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Zwozdziak A, Sowka I, Willak-Janc E, Zwozdziak J, Kwiecinska K and Balinska-Miskiewicz W: Influence of PM1 and PM2.5 on lung function parameters in healthy schoolchildren-a panel study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 23:23892–23901. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Ferraz ER, Rainho CR, Fernandes AS and Felzenszwalb I: Differential toxicity of an organic PM2.5 extract to human lung cells cultured in three dimensions (3D) and monolayers. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 79:221–231. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Abbas I, Verdin A, Escande F, Saint-Georges F, Cazier F, Mulliez P, Courcot D, Shirali P, Gosset P and Garçon G: In vitro short-term exposure to air pollution PM2.5-0.3 induced cell cycle alterations and genetic instability in a human lung cell coculture model. Environ Res. 147:146–158. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Fu J, Jiang D, Lin G, Liu K and Wang Q: An ecological analysis of PM2.5 concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China. BMJ Open. 5(e009452)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Rumelhard M, Ramgolam K, Hamel R, Marano F and Baeza-Squiban A: Expression and role of EGFR ligands induced in airway cells by PM2.5 and its components. Eur Respir J. 30:1064–1073. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Billet S, Garcon G, Dagher Z, Verdin A, Ledoux F, Cazier F, Courcot D, Aboukais A and Shirali P: Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5): Physicochemical characterization and metabolic activation of the organic fraction in human lung epithelial cells (A549). Environ Res. 105:212–223. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Meng Z and Zhang Q: Damage effects of dust storm PM2.5 on DNA in alveolar macrophages and lung cells of rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 45:1368–1374. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Dergham M, Lepers C, Verdin A, Cazier F, Billet S, Courcot D, Shirali P and Garçon G: Temporal-spatial variations of the physicochemical characteristics of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5-0.3) and toxicological effects in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Environ Res. 137:256–267. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

He M, Ichinose T, Yoshida S, Ito T, He C, Yoshida Y, Arashidani K, Takano H, Sun G and Shibamoto T: : PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in mice: Differences of inflammatory response in macrophages and type II alveolar cells. J Appl Toxicol. 37:1203–1218. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Rui W, Guan L, Zhang F, Zhang W and Ding W: : PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells through the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway. J Appl Toxicol. 36:48–59. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Liu CW, Lee TL, Chen YC, Liang CJ, Wang SH, Lue JH, Tsai JS, Lee SW, Chen SH, Yang YF, et al: PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Part Fibre Toxicol. 15(4)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Zhang Y, Li Y, Shi Z, Wu J, Yang X, Feng L, Ren L, Duan J and Sun Z: Metabolic impact induced by total, water soluble and insoluble components of PM2.5 acute exposure in mice. Chemosphere. 207:337–346. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ye JZ, Su YB, Lin XM, Lai SS, Li WX, Ali F, Zheng J and Peng B: Alanine enhances aminoglycosides-induced ROS production as revealed by proteomic analysis. Front Microbiol. 9(29)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Yang D, Ma M, Zhou W, Yang B and Xiao C: Inhibition of miR-32 activity promoted EMT induced by PM2.5 exposure through the modulation of the Smad1-mediated signaling pathways in lung cancer cells. Chemosphere. 184:289–298. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Zhao H, Yang B, Xu J, Chen DM and Xiao CL: : PM2.5-induced alterations of cell cycle associated gene expression in lung cancer cells and rat lung tissues. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 52:77–82. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Gauger PC, Vincent AL, Loving CL, Henningson JN, Lager KM, Janke BH, Kehrli ME Jr and Roth JA: Kinetics of lung lesion development and pro-inflammatory cytokine response in pigs with vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease induced by challenge with pandemic (2009) A/H1N1 influenza virus. Vet Pathol. 49:900–912. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Wang YL, Gao W, Li Y and Wang YF: Concentration-dependent effects of PM2.5 mass on expressions of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in nasal mucosa of rats with allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 274:3221–3229. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Jin X, Su R, Li R, Cheng L and Li Z: Crucial role of pro-inflammatory cytokines from respiratory tract upon PM2.5 exposure in causing the BMSCs differentiation in cells and animals. Oncotarget. 9:1745–1759. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Roper C, Chubb LG, Cambal L, Tunno B, Clougherty JE, Fattman C and Mischler SE: Association of IL-6 with PM2.5 components: Importance of characterizing filter-based PM2.5 following extraction. Water Air Soil Pollut. 228(pii: 43)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Jin X, Xue B, Zhou Q, Su R and Li Z: Mitochondrial damage mediated by ROS incurs bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis upon ambient PM2.5 exposure. J Toxicol Sci. 43:101–111. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Zhu XM, Wang Q, Xing WW, Long MH, Fu WL, Xia WR, Jin C, Guo N, Xu DQ and Xu DG: : PM2.5 induces autophagy-mediated cell death via NOS2 signaling in human bronchial epithelium cells. Int J Biol Sci. 14:557–564. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Zhou Z, Shao T, Qin M, Miao X, Chang Y, Sheng W, Wu F and Yu Y: The effects of autophagy on vascular endothelial cells induced by airborne PM2.5. J Environ Sci (China). 66:182–187. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han X and Zhuang Y: PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells. Exp Ther Med 21: 1, 2021.
APA
Han, X., & Zhuang, Y. (2021). PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9433
MLA
Han, X., Zhuang, Y."PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.1 (2021): 1.
Chicago
Han, X., Zhuang, Y."PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 1 (2021): 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9433
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han X and Zhuang Y: PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells. Exp Ther Med 21: 1, 2021.
APA
Han, X., & Zhuang, Y. (2021). PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9433
MLA
Han, X., Zhuang, Y."PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.1 (2021): 1.
Chicago
Han, X., Zhuang, Y."PM2.5 induces autophagy‑mediated cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice bronchial epithelium cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 1 (2021): 1. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9433
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team