|
1
|
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int.
Accessed September 4, 2020.
|
|
2
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Pneumonia
of unknown cause - China. urihttps://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/simplehttps://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/.
Accessed January 5, 2020.
|
|
3
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Novel
coronavirus - China. https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/.
Accessed January 12, 2020.
|
|
4
|
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L,
Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL, et al: A pneumonia outbreak
associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature.
579:270–273. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
5
|
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu
Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, et al: Clinical features of patients
infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.
395:497–506. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
6
|
Cao Y, Liu X, Xiong L and Cai K: Imaging
and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol:
April 3, 2020 (Epub ahead of print).
|
|
7
|
Heydari K, Rismantab S, Shamshirian A,
Lotfi P, Shadmehri N, Houshmand P, Zahedi M, Shamshirian D,
Bathaeian S and Alizadeh-Navaei R: Clinical and Paraclinical
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and
meta-analysis medRxiv: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044057.
|
|
8
|
Johns Hopkins University and Medicine:
Coronavirus Resourse Center. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu.
Accessed March 13, 2020.
|
|
9
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Archived:
WHO Timeline - COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.
Accessed April 27, 2020.
|
|
10
|
Wu YCh, Chen CS and Chan YJ: The outbreak
of COVID-19: An overview. J Chin Med Assoc. 83:217–220.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
11
|
Johns Hopkins University and Medicine:
Coronavirus Resourse Center. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu.
Accessed September 3, 2020.
|
|
12
|
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song
J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, et al: China Novel Coronavirus
Investigating and Research Team: A novel coronavirus from patients
with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 382:727–733.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
13
|
Szkaradkiewicz-Karpińska A and
Baksalary-Iżycka K: SARS-CoV-2 infection - spread and
pathogenicity. J Pre Clin Res. 14:49–51. 2020.
|
|
14
|
Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song
ZG, Hu Y, Tao ZW, Tian JH, Pei YY, et al: A new coronavirus
associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature.
579:265–269. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
15
|
Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H,
Wang W, Song H, Huang B, Zhu N, et al: Genomic characterisation and
epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus
origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 395:565–574. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
16
|
Tortorici MA and Veesler D: Structural
insights into coronavirus entry. Adv Virus Res. 105:93–116.
2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
17
|
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S,
Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu N-H,
Nitsche A, et al: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2
and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell.
181:271–280.e8. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
18
|
Peiris JSM, Yuen KY, Osterhaus AD and
Stöhr K and Stöhr K: The severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl
J Med. 349:2431–2441. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
19
|
Lipsitch M, Cohen T, Cooper B, Robins JM,
Ma S, James L, Gopalakrishna G, Chew SK, Tan CC, Samore MH, et al:
Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory
syndrome. Science. 300:1966–1970. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
20
|
Liang G, Chen Q, Xu J, Liu Y, Lim W,
Peiris JSM, Anderson LJ, Ruan L, Li H, Kan B, et al: SARS Diagnosis
Working Group: Laboratory diagnosis of four recent sporadic cases
of community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China. Emerg Infect
Dis. 10:1774–1781. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
21
|
Ortiz-Prado E, Simbaña-Rivera K,
Gómez-Barreno L, Rubio-Neira M, Guaman LP, Kyriakidis NC, Muslin C,
Jaramillo AMG, Barba-Ostria C, Cevallos-Robalino D, et al:
Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the
SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a
comprehensive literature review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.
98(115094)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
22
|
Sanche S, Lin YT, Xu C, Romero-Severson E,
Hengartner N and Ke R: High contagiousness and rapid spread of
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis.
26:1470–1477. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
23
|
Tong ZD, Tang A, Li KF, Li P, Wang HL, Yi
JP, Zhang YL and Yan JB: Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of
SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang Province, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis.
26:1052–1054. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
24
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Draft
landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. http//www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines.
Accessed September 3, 2020.
|
|
25
|
Calina D, Docea AO, Petrakis D, Egorov AM,
Ishmukhametov AA, Gabibov AG, Shtilman MI, Kostoff R, Carvalho F,
Vinceti M, et al: Towards effective COVID 19 vaccines: Updates,
perspectives and challenges (Review). Int J Mol Med. 46:3–16.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
26
|
Ertl HCJ: The ideal vaccine: Until death
do us part. Mol Ther. 19:820–822. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
27
|
Hoft DF, Brusic V and Sakala IG:
Optimizing vaccine development. Cell Microbiol. 13:934–942.
2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
28
|
Diamond MS and Pierson TC: The challenges
of vaccine developmentagainst a new virus during a pandemic. Cell
Host Microbe. 27:699–703. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
29
|
Bottazzi ME, Strych U, Hotez PJ and Corry
DB: Coronavirus vaccine-associated lung immunopathology-what is the
significance? Microbes Infect: June 26, 2020 (Epub ahead of
print).
|
|
30
|
Graham BS: Rapid COVID-19 vaccine
development. Science. 368:945–946. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
31
|
Burton DR and Walker LM: Rational vaccine
design in the time of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe. 27:695–698.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
32
|
Moore JP and Klasse PJ: COVID-19 Vaccines:
“Warp Speed” Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds. J Virol.
94:e01083–e20. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
33
|
Yip MS, Leung HL, Li PH, Cheung CY, Dutry
I, Li D, Daëron M, Bruzzone R, Peiris JS and Jaume M:
Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS coronavirus infection and
its role in the pathogenesis of SARS. Hong Kong Med J. 22 (Suppl
4):25–31. 2016.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Vabret N, Britton GJ, Gruber C, Hegde S,
Kim J, Kuksin M, Levantovsky R, Malle L, Moreira A, Park MD, et al:
Sinai Immunology Review Project: Immunology of COVID-19: Current
state of the science. Immunity. 52:910–941. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
35
|
Klasse PJ: Neutralization of virus
infectivity by antibodies: Old problems in new perspectives. Adv
Biol. 2014:1–24. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
36
|
de Alwis R, Chen S, Gan ES and Ooi EE:
Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune
globulin therapy and vaccine development. EBioMedicine.
55(102768)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
37
|
Vennema H, de Groot RJ, Harbour DA,
Dalderup M, Gruffydd-Jones T, Horzinek MC and Spaan WJ: Early death
after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to
recombinant vaccinia virus immunization. J Virol. 64:1407–1409.
1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
38
|
Olsen CW, Corapi WV, Ngichabe CK, Baines
JD and Scott FW: Monoclonal antibodies to the spike protein of
feline infectious peritonitis virus mediate antibody-dependent
enhancement of infection of feline macrophages. J Virol.
66:956–965. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
39
|
Bolles M, Deming D, Long K, Agnihothram S,
Whitmore A, Ferris M, Funkhouser W, Gralinski L, Totura A, Heise M,
et al: A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and
induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response
upon challenge. J Virol. 85:12201–12215. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
40
|
Polack FP, Teng MN, Collins PL, Prince GA,
Exner M, Regele H, Lirman DD, Rabold R, Hoffman SJ, Karp CL, et al:
A role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus
disease. J Exp Med. 196:859–865. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41
|
Polack FP, Hoffman SJ, Crujeiras G and
Griffin DE: A role for nonprotective complement-fixing antibodies
with low avidity for measles virus in atypical measles. Nat Med.
9:1209–1213. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View
Article : Google Scholar
|
|
42
|
Graham BS, Henderson GS, Tang YW, Lu X,
Neuzil KM and Colley DG: Priming immunization determines T helper
cytokine mRNA expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with
respiratory syncytial virus. J Immunol. 151:2032–2040.
1993.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Clinical
management of COVID-19, interim guidance. http//www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-covid-19.
Accessed May 27, 2020.
|
|
44
|
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC): Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with
confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). urihttps//www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.htmlsimplehttps//www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html.
Accessed June 30, 2020.
|
|
45
|
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). urihttps//www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/counterterrorism-and-emergingthreats-and-coronavirussimplehttps//www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/counterterrorism-and-emergingthreats-and-coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accessed September 3, 2020.
|
|
46
|
World Health Organization (WHO): Landscape
analysis of therapeutics as 21st March 2020. urihttps://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/Table_of_therapeutics_Appendix_170220.pdf?ua=1simplehttps://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/Table_of_therapeutics_Appendix_170220.pdf?ua=1.
Accessed March 21, 2020.
|
|
47
|
US Food and Drug Administration:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA issues emergency use
authorization for potential COVID-19 treatment. urihttps://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-potential-covid-19-treatmentsimplehttps://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-potential-covid-19-treatment.
Accessed May 1, 2020.
|
|
48
|
Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HD, Shannar A, Peter R,
Chou PJ, Li S, Hudlikar R, Liu X, Liu Z, et al: An update on
current therapeutic drugs treating. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 6:1–15.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
49
|
Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for
COVID-19: (Trial version 7) issued by the General Office of the
National Health Commission and the Office of the National
Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. urihttp://www.chinacdc.cn/en/COVID19simplehttp://www.chinacdc.cn/en/COVID19.
Accessed May 6, 2020.
|
|
50
|
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu
M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W and Xiao G: Remdesivir and chloroquine
effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 30:269–271. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
51
|
McKee DL, Sternberg A, Stange U, Laufer S
and Naujokat C: Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
Pharmacol Res. 157(104859)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
52
|
Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P and
Shoenfeld Y: Hydroxychloroquine: From malaria to autoimmunity. Clin
Rev Allergy Immunol. 42:145–153. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
53
|
Gao J, Tian Z and Yang X: Breakthrough:
Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of
COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends.
14:72–73. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
54
|
Pereira BB: Challenges and cares to
promote rational use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the
management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A
timely review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 23:177–181.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
55
|
Colson P, Rolain JM, Lagier JC, Brouqui P
and Raoult D: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available
weapons to fight COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents.
55(105932)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
56
|
Corbett AH, Lim ML and Kashuba AD: Kaletra
(lopinavir/ritonavir). Ann Pharmacother. 36:1193–1203.
2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
57
|
Chu CM, Cheng VC, Hung IF, Wong MM, Chan
KH, Chan KS, Kao RY, Poon LL, Wong CL, Guan Y, et al: HKU/UCH SARS
Study Group: Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS:
Initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax. 59:252–256.
2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
58
|
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan
G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, et al: A Trial of
lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N
Engl J Med. 382:1787–1799. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
59
|
Li N, Wang P, Wang X, Geng C, Chen J and
Gong Y: Molecular diagnosis of COVID-19: Current situation and
trend in China (Review). Exp Ther Med. 20(13)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
60
|
Smith PL, Lombardi G and Foster GR: Type I
interferons and the innate immune response - more than just
antiviral cytokines. Mol Immunol. 42:869–877. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
61
|
George J and Mattapallil JJ: Interferon-α
subtypes as an adjunct therapeutic approach for human
immunodeficiency virus functional cure. Front Immunol.
9(299)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
62
|
Goodbourn S, Didcock L and Randall RE:
Interferons: Cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral response
and virus countermeasures. J Gen Virol. 81:2341–2364.
2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
63
|
Chu H, Chan JF, Wang Y, Yuen TTT, Chai Y,
Hou Y, Shuai H, Yang D, Hu B and Huang X: Comparative replication
and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human
lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of
COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 71:1400–1409. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
64
|
Mantlo E, Bukreyeva N, Maruyama J,
Paessler S and Huang C: Antiviral activities of type I interferons
to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antiviral Res. 179(104811)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
65
|
Lokugamage KG, Hage A, Schindewolf C,
Rajsbaum R and Menachery VD: Type I interferon susceptibility
distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV. J Virol: September 16, 2020
(Epub ahead of print).
|
|
66
|
Shojaei S, Suresh M, Klionsky DJ, Labouta
HI and Ghavami S: Autophagy and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Apossible
smart targeting of the autophagy pathway. Virulence. 11:805–810.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
67
|
Gao L, Yu S, Chen Q, Duan Z, Zhou J, Mao
C, Yu D, Zhu W, Nie J and Hou Y: A randomized controlled trial of
low-dose recombinant human interferons alpha-2b nasal spray to
prevent acute viral respiratory infections in military recruits.
Vaccine. 28:4445–4451. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
68
|
Bennett AL, Smith DW, Cummins MJ, Jacoby
PA, Cummins JM and Beilharz MW: Low-dose oral interferon alpha as
prophylaxis against viral respiratory illness: A double-blind,
parallel controlled trial during an influenza pandemic year.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 7:854–862. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
69
|
Zheng F, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Ye F, Huang B,
Huang Y, Ma J, Zuo Q, Tan X, Xie J, et al: SARS-CoV-2 clearance in
COVID-19 patients with Novaferon treatment: A randomized,
open-label, parallel-group trial. Int J Infect Dis. 99:84–91.
2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
70
|
Felgenhauer U, Schoen A, Gad HH, Hartmann
R, Schaubmar AR, Failing K, Drosten C and Weber F: Inhibition of
SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons. J Biol Chem.
295:13958–13964. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
