Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 21 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 21 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography

  • Authors:
    • Qing Fu
    • Qiguang Cheng
    • Xiangchuang Kong
    • Hui Ma
    • Ziqiao Lei
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Fu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 42
    |
    Published online on: November 17, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9474
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for displaying different levels of pulmonary artery involvement in pulmonary embolism (PE) has rarely been reported but is essential for critically ill and emergency patients. The aim of the present study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession (true FISP), MR pulmonary angiography (MRPA) and volume‑interpolated body examination (VIBE) for PE detection in comparison to CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), which is the reference standard. A total of 21 patients with confirmed deep venous thrombosis suspected of having PE were enrolled. Emboli were evaluated on per‑patient and per‑vessel bases. The evidence of PE on a per‑vessel basis was classified into central, lobar and segmental levels, and 27 vessel segments per patient were analyzed for a total of 567 vessel segments in all patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to compare differences in sequences. A total of 158 pulmonary vessels were involved with emboli on CTPA, 58 of which were identified by true FISP, 63 by MRPA and 94 by VIBE. On per‑patient and per‑vessel bases, the sensitivity was 81.3 and 36.7%, respectively, for true FISP, 82.4 and 56.3%, respectively, for MRPA, and 94.4 and 68.1%, respectively, for VIBE; the specificity was 80.0 and 99.8%, respectively, for true FISP, 100 and 99.2%, respectively, for MRPA, and 100 and 99.2%, respectively, for VIBE. The respective PPV was 92.9 and 98.3% for true FISP, 100 and 95.5% for MRPA, 100 and 96.9% for VIBE. The NPV was 57.1 and 80.3%, respectively, for true FISP, 50.0 and 88.2%, respectively, for MRPA, and 75.0 and 89.8%, respectively, for VIBE. In conclusion, enhanced VIBE surpassed the other two sequences in revealing PE, particularly in segmental analysis, which is essential for emergency patients who have contraindications for receiving iodinated contrast and those who have concerns about the ionizing radiation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Uresandi F, Monreal M, García-Bragado F, Domenech P, Lecumberri R, Escribano P, Zamorano JL, Jimenez S, Ruiz-Artacho P, Lozano F, et al: National consensus on the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism. Spanish society of pneumology and thoracic surgery (SEPAR). Society Española Internal Medicine (SEMI). Spanish Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SETH). Spanish Society of Cardiology (ESC). Spanish Society of Medicine Accident and Emergency (SEMES). Spanish Society of Angiology and Surgery Vascular (SEACV). Arch Bronconeumol. 49:534–547. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Dronkers CE, Klok FA and Huisman MV: Current and future perspectives in imaging of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost. 14:1696–1710. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Goldhaber SZ and Bounameaux H: Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Lancet. 379:1835–1846. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Yang Y, Liang L, Zhai Z, He H, Xie W, Peng X and Wang C: Investigators for National Cooperative Project for Prevention and Treatment of PTE-DVT. Pulmonary embolism incidence and fatality trends in Chinese hospitals from 1997 to 2008: A multicenter registration study. PLoS One. 6(e26861)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Dalen JE: Pulmonary embolism: What have we learned since Virchow? Natural history, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Chest. 122:1440–1456. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Kuriakose J and Patel S: Acute pulmonary embolism. Radiol Clin North Am. 48:31–50. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Nikolaou K, Thieme S, Sommer W, Johnson T and Reiser MF: Diagnosing pulmonary embolism: New computed tomography applications. J Thorac Imaging. 25:151–160. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, Leeper KJ, Popovich JJ, Quinn DA, Sos TA, et al: Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 354:2317–2327. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Winer-Muram HT, Rydberg J, Johnson MS, Tarver RD, Williams MD, Shah H, Namyslowski J, Conces D, Jennings SG, Ying J, et al: Suspected acute pulmonary embolism: Evaluation with multi-detector row CT versus digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography. Radiology. 233:806–815. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Mitchell AM and Kline JA: Contrast nephropathy following computed tomography angiography of the chest for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department. J Thromb Haemost. 5:50–54. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Mudge CS, Healey TT, Atalay MK and Pezzullo JA: Feasibility of detecting pulmonary embolism using noncontrast MRI. ISRN Radiol. 2013(729271)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Stein PD, Chenevert TL, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, Jablonski KA, Leeper KV Jr, Naidich DP, et al: Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for pulmonary embolism: A multicenter prospective study (PIOPED III). Ann Intern Med. 152:434–443. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Hosch W, Schlieter M, Ley S, Heye T, Kauczor HU and Libicher M: Detection of acute pulmonary embolism: Feasibility of diagnostic accuracy of MRI using a stepwise protocol. Emerg Radiol. 21:151–158. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Revel MP, Sanchez O, Lefort C, Meyer G, Couchon S, Hernigou A, Niarra R, Chatellier G and Frija G: Diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced, Contrast-enhanced perfusion and angiographic MRI sequences for pulmonary embolism diagnosis: Results of independent sequence readings. Eur Radiol. 23:2374–2382. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Pasin L, Zanon M, Moreira J, Moreira AL, Watte G, Marchiori E and Hochhegger B: Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary embolism: Diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MR and influence in mortality rates. Lung. 195:193–199. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Kalb B, Sharma P, Tigges S, Ray GL, Kitajima HD, Costello JR, Chen Z and Martin DR: MR imaging of pulmonary embolism: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3D MR pulmonary angiography, contrast-enhanced low-flip angle 3D GRE, and nonenhanced Free-induction FISP sequences. Radiology. 263:271–278. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Mamlouk MD, VanSonnenberg E, Gosalia R, Drachman D, Gridley D, Zamora JG, Casola G and Ornstein S: Pulmonary embolism at CT angiography: Implications for appropriateness, cost, and radiation exposure in 2003 patients. Radiology. 256:625–632. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Kluge A, Muller C, Hansel J, Gerriets T and Bachmann G: Real-time MR with TrueFISP for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism: Initial clinical experience. Eur Radiol. 14:709–718. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Schiebler ML, Nagle SK, Francois CJ, Repplinger MD, Hamedani AG, Vigen KK, Yarlagadda R, Grist TM and Reeder SB: Effectiveness of MR angiography for the primary diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: Clinical outcomes at 3 months and 1 year. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38:914–925. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

DeLong ER, DeLong DM and Clarke-Pearson DL: Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 44:837–845. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kluge A, Mueller C, Strunk J, Lange U and Bachmann G: Experience in 207 combined MRI examinations for acute pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186:1686–1696. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Ohno Y, Yoshikawa T, Kishida Y, Seki S and Karabulut N: Unenhanced and Contrast-enhanced MR angiography and perfusion imaging for suspected pulmonary thromboembolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208:517–530. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Kaya F, Ufuk F and Karabulut N: Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced and unenhanced combined pulmonary artery MRI and magnetic resonance venography techniques in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Br J Radiol. 92(20180695)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Prince MR, Zhang H, Zou Z, Staron RB and Brill PW: Incidence of immediate gadolinium contrast media reactions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196:W138–W143. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Dillman JR, Ellis JH, Cohan RH, Strouse PJ and Jan SC: Frequency and severity of acute Allergic-like reactions to Gadolinium-containing i.v. Contrast media in children and adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189:1533–1538. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Zhang LJ, Luo S, Yeh BM, Zhou CS, Tang CX, Zhao Y, Li L, Zheng L, Huang W and Lu GM: Diagnostic accuracy of Three-dimensional Contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 3-T for acute pulmonary embolism detection: Comparison with multidetector CT angiography. Int J Cardiol. 168:4775–4783. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Hansch A, Betge S, Poehlmann G, Neumann S, Baltzer P, Pfeil A, Waginger M, Boettcher J, Kaiser WA, Wolf G, et al: Combined magnetic resonance imaging of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary arteries after a single injection of a blood pool contrast agent. Eur Radiol. 21:318–325. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Pfeil A, Betge S, Poehlmann G, Boettcher J, Drescher R, Malich A, Wolf G, Mentzel HJ and Hansch A: Magnetic resonance VIBE venography using the blood pool contrast agent gadofosveset Trisodium-an interrater reliability study. Eur J Radiol. 81:547–552. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Fu Q, Cheng Q, Wu S and Kong X: Fat-suppressed magnetic resonance volume interpolated examination for deep venous thrombosis compared with duplex sonography. Exp Ther Med. 19:2632–2640. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Squizzato A, Pomero F, Allione A, Priotto R, Riva N, Huisman MV, Klok FA, Stein PD, Guasti L, Fenoglio L, et al: Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: A bivariate Meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 154:64–72. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Fu Q, Liu D, Kong X and Lei Z: Combined MR imaging for pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis by Contrast-enhanced MR volume interpolated body examination. Curr Med Sci. 40:192–198. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Edelman RR, Silvers RI, Thakrar KH, Metzl MD, Nazari J, Giri S and Koktzoglou I: Nonenhanced MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries using single-shot radial quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS): A technical feasibility study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 19(48)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fu Q, Cheng Q, Kong X, Ma H and Lei Z: Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography. Exp Ther Med 21: 42, 2021.
APA
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., & Lei, Z. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9474
MLA
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., Lei, Z."Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.1 (2021): 42.
Chicago
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., Lei, Z."Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 1 (2021): 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9474
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fu Q, Cheng Q, Kong X, Ma H and Lei Z: Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography. Exp Ther Med 21: 42, 2021.
APA
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., & Lei, Z. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9474
MLA
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., Lei, Z."Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.1 (2021): 42.
Chicago
Fu, Q., Cheng, Q., Kong, X., Ma, H., Lei, Z."Diagnostic accuracy of true fast imaging with steady‑state precession, MR pulmonary angiography and volume‑interpolated body examination for pulmonary embolism compared with CT pulmonary angiography". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 1 (2021): 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9474
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team