NAD<sup>+</sup> metabolism and retinal degeneration (Review)

Pîrvu,Andreea Silvia; Andrei,Ana Marina; Stănciulescu,Elena Camelia; Baniță,Ileana Monica; Pisoschi,Cătălina Gabriela; Jurja,Sanda; Ciuluvica,Radu

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10102

NAD⁺ metabolism and retinal degeneration (Review)

Authors:
- Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Ana Marina Andrei
- Elena Camelia Stănciulescu
- Ileana Monica Baniță
- Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
- Sanda Jurja
- Radu Ciuluvica
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Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania, Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: April 23, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10102
Article Number: 670

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Abstract

The recent years has revealed an intense interest in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), particularly in regards to its intermediates, such as nicotinamide and nicotinic acid known as niacin, and also nicotinamide riboside. Besides its participation as a coenzyme in the redox transformations of nutrients during catabolism, NAD⁺ is also involved in DNA repair and epigenetic modification of gene expression and also plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis. Clinical and experimental data emphasize the age‑dependent decline in NAD⁺ levels and its relation with the onset and progression of various age‑related diseases. Maintaining optimal levels of NAD⁺ has aroused a therapeutic interest in such pathological conditions; NAD⁺ being currently regarded as an important target to extend health and lifespan. Based on a systematic exploration of the experimental data and literature surrounding the topic, this paper reviews some of the recent research studies related to the roles of the pyridine nucleotide family focusing on biosynthesis, NAD⁺ deficiency‑associated diseases, pathobiochemistry related to retinal degeneration and potential therapeutic effects on human vision as well.

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