Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2021 Volume 22 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2021 Volume 22 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Chan Li
    • Qingxia Fu
    • Jin Cai
    • Hongxia Mei
    • Wangning Shangguan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 733
    |
    Published online on: May 9, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10165
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Liver cancer is a malignant cancer with worldwide prevalence. It has been reported that cancer cells are usually exposed to a hypoxic microenvironment, which is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic that is widely used in cancer surgery. The present study aimed to determine the effects of propofol stimulation on the viability, proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells under normoxia and cobalt chloride (CoCl2)‑induced hypoxia. Under normoxia, HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells were randomly divided into six groups as follows: i) Control group; ii) 10 µM propofol group; iii) 25 µM propofol group; iv) 50 µM propofol group; v) 100 µM propofol group; and vi) DMSO group. Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) and 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, respectively, following 24 or 48 h of propofol treatment. In addition, wound healing and Transwell migration assays were used to determine the changes in cell migration. Under CoCl2‑induced hypoxia, the protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) of HepG2 cells were analyzed using western blotting. Subsequently, CCK‑8 and wound healing assays were used to determine the effect of propofol on cell viability and migration. The results of the present study revealed that propofol stimulation had no significant effect on the viability, proliferation and migration of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells under normoxia. The protein levels of HIF‑1α were significantly upregulated following the treatment with 200 µM CoCl2 for 12 h. However, no significant differences were found in the viability and migration of HepG2 cells following the stimulation with propofol in the presence of CoCl2. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that propofol exerted no effect on the viability, proliferation and migration of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Islami F, Miller KD, Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Ward EM and Jemal A: Disparities in liver cancer occurrence in the United States by race/ethnicity and state. CA Cancer J Clin. 67:273–289. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 70:7–30. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Bruix J and Sherman M: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. Hepatology. 53:1020–1022. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Xu XF, Xing H, Han J, Li ZL, Lau WY, Zhou YH, Gu WM, Wang H, Chen TH, Zeng YY, et al: Risk factors, patterns, and outcomes of late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study from China. JAMA Surg. 154:209–217. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Zhang H, Han J, Xing H, Li Z, Schwartz ME, Zhou Y, Chen T, Wang H, Gu W, Lau WY, et al: Sex difference in recurrence and survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study. Surgery. 165:516–524. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Bruix J, Takayama T, Mazzaferro V, Chau G, Yang J, Kudo M, Cai J, Poon RT, Han K, Tak WY, et al: Adjuvant sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation (STORM): A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 16:1344–1354. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Yeager MP and Rosenkranz KM: Cancer recurrence after surgery. Region Anesth Pain Med. 35:483–484. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Lee JW, Shahzad MMK, Lin YG, Armaiz-Pena G, Mangala LS, Han H, Kim H, Nam EJ, Jennings NB, Halder J, et al: Surgical stress promotes tumor growth in ovarian carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 15:2695–2702. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Wall T, Sherwin A, Ma D and Buggy DJ: Influence of perioperative anaesthetic and analgesic interventions on oncological outcomes: A narrative review. Br J Anaesth. 123:135–150. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Kim R: Effects of surgery and anesthetic choice on immunosuppression and cancer recurrence. J Transl Med. 16:8–13. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Vasileiou I, Xanthos T, Koudouna E, Perrea D, Klonaris C, Katsargyris A and Papadimitriou L: Propofol: A review of its non-anaesthetic effects. Eur J Pharmacol. 605:1–8. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Irwin MG, Chung CKE, Ip KY and Wiles MD: Influence of propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia on peri-operative outcome measures: A narrative review. Anaesthesia. 75:e90–e100. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Zhang J, Shan WF, Jin TT, Wu GQ, Xiong XX, Jin HY and Zhu SM: Propofol exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma by microvesicle-mediated transfer of miR-142-3p from macrophage to cancer cells. J Transl Med. 12(279)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Zheng H, Fu Y and Yang T: Propofol inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating Twist. J Cell Biochem. 120:12803–12809. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Liu W and Liu N: Propofol inhibits lung cancer A549 cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by upregulation of microRNA-1284. Oncol Res. 27:1–8. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Du Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei M, Xu H and Wang S: Propofol inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of MCF-7 cells by suppressing miR-21 expression. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 47:1265–1271. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Zhang YF, Li CS, Zhou Y and Lu XH: Effects of propofol on colon cancer metastasis through STAT3/HOTAIR axis by activating WIF-1 and suppressing Wnt pathway. Cancer Med. 9:1842–1854. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Zhu F, Li Q, Yang Y, Wang L and Wang J: Propofol suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis by upregulating microRNA-140-5p in gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther. 12:10129–10138. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Huang H, Benzonana LL, Zhao H, Watts HR, Perry NJ, Bevan C, Brown R and Ma D: Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1α pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination. Br J Cancer. 111:1338–1349. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Gao Y, Yu X, Zhang F and Dai J: Propofol inhibits pancreatic cancer progress under hypoxia via ADAM8. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 26:219–226. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Kushida A, Inada T and Shingu K: Enhancement of antitumor immunity after propofol treatment in mice. Immunopharm Immunot. 29:477–486. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Zhang L, Wang N, Zhou S, Ye W, Jing G and Zhang M: Propofol induces proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells through activation of Nrf2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 31(66)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ecimovic P, Murray D, Doran P and Buggy DJ: Propofol and bupivacaine in breast cancer cell function in vitro-role of the NET1 gene. Anticancer Res. 34:1321–1331. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Masoud GN and Li W: HIF-1α pathway: Role, regulation and intervention for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B. 5:378–389. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Tang B, Zhao F, Qu Y and Mu D: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: A promising target for tumor therapy. Ai Zheng. 28:775–782. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Muñoz Sánchez J and Chánez Cárdenas ME: The use of cobalt chloride as a chemical hypoxia model. J Appl Toxicol. 39:556–570. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Albanese J, Martin C, Lacarelle B, Saux P, Durand A and Gouin F: Pharmacokinetics of long-term propofol infusion used for sedation in ICU patients. Anesthesiology. 73:214–217. 1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Coetzee JF, Glen JB, Wium CA and Boshoff L: Pharmacokinetic model selection for target-controlled infusions of propofol. Assessment of three parameter sets. Anesthesiology. 82:1328–1345. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Kim R: Anesthetic technique and cancer recurrence in oncologic surgery: Unraveling the puzzle. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 36:159–177. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Yang C, Gao J, Yan N, Wu B, Ren Y, Li H and Liang J: Propofol inhibits the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells in vitro through the upregulation of ING3. Oncol Rep. 37:587–593. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Brahimi-Horn MC, Bellot G and Pouysségur J: Hypoxia and energetic tumour metabolism. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 21:67–72. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Wilson GK, Tennant DA and McKeating JA: Hypoxia inducible factors in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: Current understanding and future directions. J Hepatol. 61:1397–1406. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Liu Y, Yan W, Tohme S, Chen M, Fu Y, Tian D, Lotze M, Tang D and Tsung A: Hypoxia induced HMGB1 and mitochondrial DNA interactions mediate tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma through Toll-like receptor 9. J Hepatol. 63:114–121. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Ou W, Lv J, Zou X, Yao Y, Wu J, Yang J, Wang Z and Ma Y: Propofol inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and invasion through the HMGA2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med. 13:2501–2506. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Gong T, Ning X, Deng Z, Liu M, Zhou B, Chen X, Huang S, Xu Y, Chen Z and Luo R: Propofol-induced miR-219-5p inhibits growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of GPC3-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation. J Cell Biochem. 120:16934–16945. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Sun Y and Sun H: Propofol exerts anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by raising lncRNA DGCR5. J Cell Physiol. 235:2963–2972. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Meng C, Song L, Wang J, Li D, Liu Y and Cui X: Propofol induces proliferation partially via downregulation of p53 protein and promotes migration via activation of the Nrf2 pathway in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Oncol Rep. 37:841–848. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Li R, Huang Y and Lin J: Distinct effects of general anesthetics on lung metastasis mediated by IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in mouse models. Nat Commun. 11(642)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Deegan CA, Murray D, Doran P, Ecimovic P, Moriarty DC and Buggy DJ: Effect of anaesthetic technique on oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cell function in vitro. Brit J Anaesth. 103:685–690. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Da Silva-Diz V, Lorenzo-Sanz L, Bernat-Peguera A, Lopez-Cerda M and Muñoz P: Cancer cell plasticity: Impact on tumor progression and therapy response. Semin Cancer Biol. 53:48–58. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Guan X: Cancer metastases: Challenges and opportunities. Acta Pharm Sin B. 5:402–418. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Xu YB, Jiang W, Zhao FR, Li G, Du QH, Zhang MY and Guo XG: Propofol suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β1 expression. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20:1430–1435. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

45 

Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K and Jhanji S: Long-term survival for patients undergoing volatile versus IV anesthesia for cancer surgery: A retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology. 124:69–79. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Wu ZF, Lee MS, Wong CS, Lu CH, Huang YS, Lin KT, Lou YS, Lin C, Chang YC and Lai HC: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is associated with better survival than desflurane anesthesia in colon cancer surgery. Anesthesiology. 129:932–941. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li C, Fu Q, Cai J, Mei H and Shangguan W: Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 22: 733, 2021.
APA
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., & Shangguan, W. (2021). Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 733. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10165
MLA
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., Shangguan, W."Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.1 (2021): 733.
Chicago
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., Shangguan, W."Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 1 (2021): 733. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10165
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li C, Fu Q, Cai J, Mei H and Shangguan W: Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 22: 733, 2021.
APA
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., & Shangguan, W. (2021). Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 733. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10165
MLA
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., Shangguan, W."Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.1 (2021): 733.
Chicago
Li, C., Fu, Q., Cai, J., Mei, H., Shangguan, W."Effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 1 (2021): 733. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10165
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team