Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction

  • Authors:
    • Min Zhang
    • Jian-Kai Yang
    • Jing Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China, Meteorological Service and Applied Meteorology, Ren County Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province, Xingtai, Hebei 055150, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 924
    |
    Published online on: June 30, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10356
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Proinflammatory polarization of microglia aggravates brain injury in cerebral infarction. The present study focused on the role of long non‑coding (lnc)RNA X‑inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the phenotype modulation of microglia. It was revealed that lncRNA XIST was significantly upregulated in both a mouse cerebral infarction model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and an activated microglial model induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). The overexpression of XIST enhanced the expression and release of pro‑inflammatory mediators [such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑6, and iNOS] in microglia. Culture supernatant from lncRNA XIST‑overexpressed microglial cells induced the apoptosis of primary neurons, while TNF‑α antibody counteracted this neurotoxic effect. LncRNA XIST served as a sponge for miR‑96‑5p, counteracting its inhibitory effect on IKKβ/NF‑κB signaling and TNF‑α production. Notably, TNF‑α was positively regulated by XIST and in turn enhanced XIST expression in microglia. The lncRNA XIST‑TNF‑α feedback promoted the proinflammatory polarization of microglia, thereby exacerbating cerebral neuron apoptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, et al: Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 380:2095–2128. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Wang C, Li N, Wang H, Yin H and Zhao Y: Study on essential drug use status and its influencing factors among cerebral infarction inpatients in county level hospitals of Anhui Province, China. PLoS One. 13(e0193513)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Holliday EG, Traylor M, Malik R, Bevan S, Falcone G, Hopewell JC, Cheng YC, Cotlarciuc I, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, et al: Genetic overlap between diagnostic subtypes of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 46:615–619. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Puthanveetil P, Chen S, Feng B, Gautam A and Chakrabarti S: Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates hyperglycaemia induced inflammatory process in the endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med. 19:1418–1425. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Benakis C, Garcia-Bonilla L, Iadecola C and Anrather J: The role of microglia and myeloid immune cells in acute cerebral ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci. 8(461)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Seifert HA and Pennypacker KR: Molecular and cellular immune responses to ischemic brain injury. Transl Stroke Res. 5:543–553. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Faustino JV, Wang X, Johnson CE, Klibanov A, Derugin N, Wendland MF and Vexler ZS: Microglial cells contribute to endogenous brain defenses after acute neonatal focal stroke. J Neurosci. 31:12992–13001. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Hu X, Li P, Guo Y, Wang H, Leak RK, Chen S, Gao Y and Chen J: Microglia/macrophage polarization dynamics reveal novel mechanism of injury expansion after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 43:3063–3070. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Orihuela R, McPherson CA and Harry GJ: Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states. Br J Pharmacol. 173:649–665. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Tang Y and Le W: Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 53:1181–1194. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Bao MH, Szeto V, Yang BB, Zhu SZ, Sun HS and Feng ZP: Long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis. 9(281)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ren W and Yang X: Pathophysiology of long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci. 11(96)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Dykstra-Aiello C, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Shroff N, Zhan X, Liu D, Hull H, Orantia M, Stamova BS and Sharp FR: Altered expression of long noncoding RNAs in blood after ischemic stroke and proximity to putative stroke risk loci. Stroke. 47:2896–2903. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Yan H, Rao J, Yuan J, Gao L, Huang W, Zhao L and Ren J: Long non-coding RNA MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 8(3211)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Wang J, Zhao H, Fan Z, Li G, Ma Q, Tao Z, Wang R, Feng J and Luo Y: Long noncoding RNA H19 promotes neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke by driving histone deacetylase 1-dependent M1 microglial polarization. Stroke. 48:2211–2221. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Gu S, Xie R, Liu X, Shou J, Gu W and Che X: Long coding RNA XIST contributes to neuronal apoptosis through the downregulation of AKT phosphorylation and is negatively regulated by miR-494 in rat spinal cord injury. Int J Mol Sci. 18(732)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Xu LX, Lv Y, Li YH, Ding X, Wang Y, Han X, Liu MH, Sun B and Feng X: Melatonin alleviates brain and peripheral tissue edema in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: The involvement of edema related proteins. BMC Pediatr. 17(90)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Blanco S, Hernández R, Franchelli G, Ramos-Álvarez MM and Peinado MÁ: Melatonin influences NO/NOS pathway and reduces oxidative and nitrosative stress in a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Nitric Oxide. 62:32–43. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Ni J, Wang X, Chen S, Liu H, Wang Y, Xu X, Cheng J, Jia J and Zhen X: MicroRNA let-7c-5p protects against cerebral ischemia injury via mechanisms involving the inhibition of microglia activation. Brain Behav Immun. 49:75–85. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Ridder DA and Schwaninger M: NF-kappaB signaling in cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience. 158:995–1006. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Herrmann O, Baumann B, de Lorenzi R, Muhammad S, Zhang W, Kleesiek J, Malfertheiner M, Köhrmann M, Potrovita I, Maegele I, et al: IKK mediates ischemia-induced neuronal death. Nat Med. 11:1322–1319. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Zhang YL, Li XB, Hou YX, Fang NZ, You JC and Zhou QH: The lncRNA XIST exhibits oncogenic properties via regulation of miR-449a and Bcl-2 in human non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 38:371–381. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Yao Y, Ma J, Xue Y, Wang P, Li Z, Liu J, Chen L, Xi Z, Teng H, Wang Z, et al: Knockdown of long non-coding RNA XIST exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human glioblastoma stem cells by up-regulating miR-152. Cancer Lett. 359:75–86. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Jin H, Du XJ, Zhao Y and Xia DL: XIST/miR-544 axis induces neuropathic pain by activating STAT3 in a rat model. J Cell Physiol. 233:5847–5855. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Yan XT, Lu JM, Wang Y, Cheng XL, He XH, Zheng WZ, Chen H and Wang YL: XIST accelerates neuropathic pain progression through regulation of miR-150 and ZEB1 in CCI rat models. J Cell Physiol. 233:6098–6106. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Wang X, Wang C, Geng C and Zhao K: LncRNA XIST knockdown attenuates Aβ25-35-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons by targeting miR-132. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 11:3915–3924. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Li WX, Qi F, Liu JQ, Li GH, Dai SX, Zhang T, Cheng F, Liu D and Zheng SG: Different impairment of immune and inflammation functions in short and long-term after ischemic stroke. Am J Transl Res. 9:736–745. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhao Q, Lu F, Su Q, Liu Z, Xia X, Yan Z, Zhou F and Qin R: Knockdown of long noncoding RNA XIST mitigates the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury through miR-27a/Smurf1 axis. Neurosci Lett. 715(134649)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Huang Y, Zhu N, Chen T, Chen W, Kong J, Zheng W and Ruan J: Triptolide suppressed the microglia activation to improve spinal cord injury through miR-96/IKKβ/NF-κB pathway. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44:E707–E714. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Shi Y, Zhao Y, Shao N, Ye R, Lin Y, Zhang N, Li W, Zhang Y and Wang S: Overexpression of microRNA-96-5p inhibits autophagy and apoptosis and enhances the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 13:4402–4412. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Kinoshita C, Aoyama K, Matsumura N, Kikuchi-Utsumi K, Watabe M and Nakaki T: Rhythmic oscillations of the microRNA miR-96-5p play a neuroprotective role by indirectly regulating glutathione levels. Nat Commun. 5(3823)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Schneider A, Martin-Villalba A, Weih F, Vogel J, Wirth T and Schwaninger M: NF-kappaB is activated and promotes cell death in focal cerebral ischemia. Nat Med. 5:554–559. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Shih RH, Wang CY and Yang CM: NF-kappaB signaling pathways in neurological inflammation: A mini review. Front Mol Neurosci. 8(77)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Gao W, Gao J, Chen L, Ren Y and Ma J: Targeting XIST induced apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by activation of NF-kB/PUMA signal. Bioengineered. 10:261–270. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang M, Yang J and Ma J: Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction. Exp Ther Med 22: 924, 2021.
APA
Zhang, M., Yang, J., & Ma, J. (2021). Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 924. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10356
MLA
Zhang, M., Yang, J., Ma, J."Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 924.
Chicago
Zhang, M., Yang, J., Ma, J."Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 924. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10356
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang M, Yang J and Ma J: Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction. Exp Ther Med 22: 924, 2021.
APA
Zhang, M., Yang, J., & Ma, J. (2021). Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 924. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10356
MLA
Zhang, M., Yang, J., Ma, J."Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 924.
Chicago
Zhang, M., Yang, J., Ma, J."Regulation of the long noncoding RNA XIST on the inflammatory polarization of microglia in cerebral infarction". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 924. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10356
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team