Thrombosis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (Review)
- Authors:
- Jingwei Liu
- Yumei Li
-
Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China - Published online on: July 7, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10399
- Article Number: 967
-
Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Poddighe D: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related hepatitis in children. Microb Pathog. 139(103863)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF and Atkinson TP: Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev. 30:747–809. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sánchez-Vargas FM and Gómez-Duarte OG: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-an emerging extra-pulmonary pathogen. Clin Microbiol Infect. 14:105–117. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Katz B and Waites K: Emerging intracellular bacterial infections. Clin Lab Med. 24:627–649. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rottem S: Interaction of mycoplasmas with host cells. Physiol Rev. 83:417–432. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zlatian O, Balasoiu AT, Balasoiu M, Cristea O, Docea AO, Mitrut R, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Bancescu G and Calina D: Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens among hospitalised patients with severe invasive infections. Exp Ther Med. 16:4499–4510. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ungureanu A, Zlatian O, Mitroi G, Drocaş A, Ţîrcă T, Călina D, Dehelean C, Docea AO, Izotov BN, Rakitskii VN, et al: Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in patients from a primary regional hospital. Mol Med Rep. 16:8771–8780. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang Z, Yang L, Ye J, Wang Y and Liu Y: Monocyte subsets study in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Immunol Res. 67:373–381. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jacobs E, Ehrhardt I and Dumke R: New insights in the outbreak pattern of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Int J Med Microbiol. 305:705–708. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Meyer Sauteur PM, van Rossum AM and Vink C: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: Carriage, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 27:220–227. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wood PR, Hill VL, Burks ML, Peters JI, Singh H, Kannan TR, Vale S, Cagle MP, Principe MF, Baseman JB and Brooks EG: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with acute and refractory asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 110:328–334 e1. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Narita M: Classification of extrapulmonary manifestations due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on the basis of possible pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 7(23)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Canavan TN, Mathes EF, Frieden I and Shinkai K: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis as a syndrome distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 72:239–245. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kuźma-Mroczkowska E, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M, Szmigielska A, Szymanik-Grzelak H and Roszkowska-Blaim M: Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a trigger for Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children. Cent Eur J Immunol. 40:489–492. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Vijay A, Stendahl JC and Rosenfeld LE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pericarditis. Am J Cardiol. 123:1383–1384. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lan Y, Li S, Yang D, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu Y and Chen Z: Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease complicated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(e19987)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wandro C, Dolatshahi L and Blackall D: Severe warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 7-month-old infant associated with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 40:e439–e441. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gouveia C, Evangelista V, Almeida R and Baptista AM: Immune thrombocytopenia associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 5(000817)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Romero-Gómez M, Otero MA, Sánchez-Muñoz D, Ramírez-Arcos M, Larraona JL, Suárez García E and Vargas-Romero J: Acute hepatitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection without lung involvement in adult patients. J Hepatol. 44:827–828. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Valdés Lacasa T, Duarte Borges MA, García Marín A and Gómez Cuervo C: Acute pancreatitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: An unusual etiology. Clin J Gastroenterol. 10:279–282. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Meyer Sauteur PM, Huizinga R, Tio-Gillen AP, Drenthen J, Unger WWJ, Jacobs E, van Rossum AMC and Jacobs BC: Intrathecal antibody responses to GalC in Guillain-Barre syndrome triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Neuroimmunol. 314:13–16. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Coriolani G, Ferranti S, Squarci G and Grosso S: A case of Bickerstaff encephalitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Neurol Sci. 41:1605–1606. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Siomou E, Kollios KD, Papadimitriou P, Kostoula A and Papadopoulou Z: Acute nephritis and respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 22:1103–1106. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Poddighe D: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related extra-pulmonary diseases and antimicrobial therapy. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 53:188–189. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yang TI, Chang TH, Lu CY, Chen JM, Lee PI, Huang LM and Chang LY: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients: Do macrolide-resistance and/or delayed treatment matter? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 52:329–335. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Poddighe D, Comi EV, Brambilla I, Licari A, Bruni P and Marseglia GL: Increased total serum immunoglobulin E in children developing Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related extra-pulmonary diseases. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 17:490–496. 2018.PubMed/NCBI | |
Poddighe D and Marseglia GL: Is there any relationship between extra-pulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and atopy/respiratory allergy in children? Pediatr Rep. 8(6395)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Flateau C, Asfalou I, Deman AL, Ficko C, Andriamanantena D, Fontan E, Viant E, Bonnevie L and Rapp C: Aortic thrombus and multiple embolisms during a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Infection. 41:867–873. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Dowd AB, Grace R and Rees WD: Cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Lancet. 2(567)1987.PubMed/NCBI | |
Choi YH, Jeong HJ, Lee B, An HY, Lee EJ and Park JD: Extensive and progressive cerebral infarction after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Korean J Crit Care Med. 32:211–217. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kim GH, Seo WH, Je BK and Eun SH: Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated stroke in a 3-year-old girl. Korean J Pediatr. 56:411–415. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Liu J, He R, Wu R, Wang B, Xu H, Zhang Y, Li H and Zhao S: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia associated thrombosis at Beijing Children's hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 20(51)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ryu JS, Kim HJ, Sung IY and Ko TS: Posterior cerebral artery occlusion after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection associated with genetic defect of MTHFR C677T. J Child Neurol. 24:891–894. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sarathchandran P, Al Madani A, Alboudi AM and Inshasi J: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting as stroke and meningoencephalitis with aortic and subclavian aneurysms without pulmonary involvement. BMJ Case Rep. 2018(bcr2017221831)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kang B, Kim DH, Hong YJ, Son BK, Lim MK, Choe YH and Kwon YS: Complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Korean J Pediatr. 59:149–152. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sotgiu S, Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Deiana GA and Sechi GP: Neurological disorders associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Eur J Neurol. 10:165–168. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Van Dyke DC, Eldadah MK, Bale JF Jr, Kramer M, Alexander R, Smith WL and Olivero W: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced cerebral venous thrombosis treated with urokinase. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 31:501–504. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Visudhiphan P, Chiemchanya S and Sirinavin S: Internal carotid artery occlusion associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Neurol. 8:237–239. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antachopoulos C, Liakopoulou T, Palamidou F, Papathanassiou D and ǎnd Youroukos S: Posterior cerebral artery occlusion associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Child Neurol. 17:55–57. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jin X, Zou Y, Zhai J, Liu J and Huang B: Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with concomitant acute cerebral infarction in a child: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(e0103)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Senda J, Ito M, Atsuta N, Watanabe H, Hattori N, Kawai H and Sobue G: Paradoxical brain embolism induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with deep venous thrombus. Intern Med. 49:2003–2005. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Garcia AV, Finger , et al Thirumoorthi AS, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A, Kandel JJ: Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with concomitant ischemic stroke in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol. 48:98–101. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Garcia Tirado A, Jimenez-Rolando B, Noval S and Martinez Bermejo A: Cortical Blindness in a Child Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 26:e12–e13. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Fu M, Wong KS, Lam WW and Wong GW: Middle cerebral artery occlusion after recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Neurol Sci. 157:113–115. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Socan M, Ravnik I, Bencina D, Dovc P, Zakotnik B and Jazbec J: Neurological symptoms in patients whose cerebrospinal fluid is culture- and/or polymerase chain reaction-positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 32:E31–E35. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Nagashima M, Higaki T, Satoh H and Nakano T: Cardiac thrombus associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 11:849–851. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Oeser C, Andreas M, Rath C, Habertheuer A and Kocher A: Left ventricular thrombus in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, hypereosinophilia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection-a challenging diagnosis: A case report. J Cardiothorac Surg. 10(21)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pachet A, Dumestre-Perard C, Moine M, Marlu R, Rubio A and Bost-Bru C: Splenic infarction associated with transient anti-prothrombin antibodies is a rare manifestation of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Arch Pediatr. 26:483–486. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Li Y, Pattan V, Syed B, Islam M and Yousif A: Splenic infarction caused by a rare coinfection of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatr Emerg Care. 30:636–637. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Park SJ, Lee YM, Lee CH, Cho JH and Lee JH: A case of splenic infarction possibly attributable to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection without accompanying pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 18:945–947. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Witmer CM, Steenhoff AP, Shah SS and Raffini LJ: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, splenic infarct, and transient antiphospholipid antibodies: A new association? Pediatrics. 119:e292–e295. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Liu J, Zhao F, Lu J, Xu H, Liu H, Tang X, Yang H, Zhang J and Zhao S: High Mycoplasma pneumoniae loads and persistent long-term Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in lower airway associated with severity of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 19(1045)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chen Y, Huang P, Chen Q, Lin Z and Tian W: Two separated thrombi in deep veins associated with pulmonary embolism after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: A case in adolescent female. Transl Pediatr. 2:198–201. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Graw-Panzer KD, Verma S, Rao S, Miller ST and Lee H: Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a child with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Natl Med Assoc. 101:956–958. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Joo CU, Kim JS and Han YM: Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced popliteal artery thrombosis treated with urokinase. Postgrad Med J. 77:723–724. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Creagh MD, Roberts IF, Clark DJ and Preston FE: Familial antithrombin III deficiency and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Clin Pathol. 44:870–871. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kalicki B, Sadecka M, Wawrzyniak A, Kozinski P, Dziekiewicz M and Jung A: Absence of inferior vena cava in 14-year old boy associated with deep venous thrombosis and positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae serum antibodies-a case report. BMC Pediatr. 15(40)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Caeiro Alves F, Aguiar R, Pessegueiro P and Pires C: Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. BMJ Case Rep. 2018(bcr2017222582)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Godron A, Pereyre S, Monet C, Llanas B and Harambat J: Hemolytic uremic syndrome complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Nephrol. 28:2057–2060. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bar Meir E, Amital H, Levy Y, Kneller A, Bar-Dayan Y and Shoenfeld Y: Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Haematol. 103:112–115. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Cameron D, Welsby P and Turner M: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Postgrad Med J. 68:393–394. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Byrnes JR and Wolberg AS: Red blood cells in thrombosis. Blood. 130:1795–1799. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Li T, Yu H, Hou W, Li Z, Han C and Wang L: Evaluation of variation in coagulation among children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: A case-control study. J Int Med Res. 45:2110–2118. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Connors JM: Thrombophilia testing and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 377:1177–1187. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Narita M: Pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with special reference to pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 16:162–169. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Higuchi ML, Sambiase N, Palomino S, Gutierrez P, Demarchi LM, Aiello VD and Ramires JA: Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. Braz J Med Biol Res. 33:1023–1026. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Higuchi Mde L, Reis MM, Sambiase NV, Palomino SA, Castelli JB, Gutierrez PS, Aiello VD and Ramires JA: Coinfection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in ruptured plaques associated with acute myocardial infarction. Arq Bras Cardiol. 81:1–22. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Cho A, Ragi SD, Oh JK, Lima de Carvalho JR Jr, Ryu J, Yang BY and Tsang SH: Sequential multiple retinal vein occlusions and transient ischemic attack in MTHFR polymorphism and protein S deficiency. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 8(e1273)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gatt A and Makris M: Hyperhomocysteinemia and venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol. 44:70–76. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Cheng Z, Jiang X, Pansuria M, Fang P, Mai J, Mallilankaraman K, Gandhirajan RK, Eguchi S, Scalia R, Madesh M, et al: Hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperglycemia induce and potentiate endothelial dysfunction via µ-calpain activation. Diabetes. 64:947–959. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ospina-Romero M, Cannegieter SC, den Heijer M, Doggen CJM, Rosendaal FR and Lijfering WM: Hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of first venous thrombosis: The influence of (Unmeasured) confounding factors. Am J Epidemiol. 187:1392–1400. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Muszbek L, Bereczky Z, Kovács B and Komáromi I: Antithrombin deficiency and its laboratory diagnosis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 48 (Suppl 1):S67–S78. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pabinger I and Thaler J: How I treat patients with hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Blood. 134:2346–2353. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Patnaik MM and Moll S: Inherited antithrombin deficiency: A review. Haemophilia. 14:1229–1239. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang D, Lv W, Zhang S and Zhang J: Advances in the research on anticardiolipin antibody. J Immunol Res. 2019(8380214)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Habe K, Wada H, Matsumoto T, Ohishi K, Ikejiri M, Matsubara K, Morioka T, Kamimoto Y, Ikeda T, Katayama N, et al: Presence of antiphospholipid antibody is a risk factor in thrombotic events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome or relevant diseases. Int J Hematol. 97:345–350. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sacharidou A, Chambliss KL, Ulrich V, Salmon JE, Shen YM, Herz J, Hui DY, Terada LS, Shaul PW and Mineo C: Antiphospholipid antibodies induce thrombosis by PP2A activation via apoER2-Dab2-SHC1 complex formation in endothelium. Blood. 131:2097–2110. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ortel TL, Meleth S, Catellier D, Crowther M, Erkan D, Fortin PR, Garcia D, Haywood N, Kosinski AS, Levine SR, et al: Recurrent thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and an initial venous or arterial thromboembolic event: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 18:2274–2286. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zohoury N, Bertolaccini ML, Rodriguez-Garcia JL, Shums Z, Ateka-Barrutia O, Sorice M, Norman GL and Khamashta M: Closing the serological gap in the antiphospholipid syndrome: the value of ‘non-criteria’ antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 44:1597–1602. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sciascia S, Sanna G, Murru V, Roccatello D, Khamashta MA and Bertolaccini ML: Anti-prothrombin (aPT) and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. A systematic review. Thromb Haemost. 111:354–364. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ho WK and Rigano J: Prevalence of autoantibodies directed against prothrombin in unprovoked venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 49:446–450. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Berentsen S: Complement activation and inhibition in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Focus on cold agglutinin disease. Semin Hematol. 55:141–149. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Habib A, Kunzelmann C, Shamseddeen W, Zobairi F, Freyssinet JM and Taher A: Elevated levels of circulating procoagulant microparticles in patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia. Haematologica. 93:941–942. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zhou Z, Behymer M and Guchhait P: Role of extracellular hemoglobin in thrombosis and vascular occlusion in patients with sickle cell anemia. Anemia. 2011(918916)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rother RP, Bell L, Hillmen P and Gladwin MT: The clinical sequelae of intravascular hemolysis and extracellular plasma hemoglobin: A novel mechanism of human disease. JAMA. 293:1653–1662. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Skuza AA, Polak M and Undas A: Elevated lipoprotein(a) as a new risk factor of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Association with fibrin clot properties. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 47:8–15. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Anglés-Cano E, de la Peña Díaz A and Loyau S: Inhibition of fibrinolysis by lipoprotein(a). Ann N Y Acad Sci. 936:261–275. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Feric NT, Boffa MB, Johnston SM and Koschinsky ML: Apolipoprotein(a) inhibits the conversion of Glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen: A novel mechanism for lipoprotein(a)-mediated inhibition of plasminogen activation. J Thromb Haemost. 6:2113–2120. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Rouy D, Grailhe P, Nigon F, Chapman J and Anglés-Cano E: Lipoprotein(a) impairs generation of plasmin by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator. In vitro studies in a plasma milieu. Arterioscler Thromb. 11:629–638. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chew RR, Lim AH and Toh D: Congenital absence of inferior vena cava: An under recognised cause of unprovoked venous thromboembolism. QJM. 111:117–118. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gökçe Ş, Keskin G, Yaşar ŞK, Arslan AT, Cerit Z, Koska Öİ and Aydoğdu S: A case of May-Thurner Syndrome: An old anomaly but, a new suggestion: A case report. Malawi Med J. 31:230–232. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ho AMH, Chung AD and Mizubuti GB: A hairdresser's painful swollen left leg: Artery compresses vein in May-Thurner syndrome. Lance. 394(e33)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yang S, You R, Wu W, Wei Z, Hong M and Peng Z: Dural arteriovenous fistula complicated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. World Neurosurg. 134:348–352. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Carqueja IM, Sousa J and Mansilha A: Vascular malformations: Classification, diagnosis and treatment. Int Angiol. 37:127–142. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jensen CT, Chahin A, Amin VD, Khalaf AM, Elsayes KM, Wagner-Bartak N, Zhao B, Zhou S and Bedi DG: Qualitative slow blood flow in lower extremity deep veins on doppler sonography: Quantitative assessment and preliminary evaluation of correlation with subsequent deep venous thrombosis development in a tertiary care oncology center. J Ultrasound Med. 36:1867–1874. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Roggério A, Sambiase NV, Palomino SA, de Castro MA, da Silva ES, Stolf NG and de Lourdes Higuchi M: Correlation of bacterial coinfection versus matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression in aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 27:964–971. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hellwig K, Hoffmann L, Rother U, Meyer A, Lang W and Schmid A: Eligibility of endovascular repair for popliteal artery aneurysms according the instructions for use. Ann Vasc Surg. 67:370–375. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wehbe E, Abou Antoun S and Peery WH: An unusual complication of sickle cell trait: Intraureter thrombus. Int Urol Nephrol. 42:517–518. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ali JM, Besser M, Goddard M, Abu-Omar Y, Catarino P, Bhagra S and Berman M: Catastrophic sickling crisis in patient undergoing cardiac transplantation with sickle cell trait. Am J Transplant. 19:2378–2382. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kumar R, Kapoor R, Singh J, Das S, Sharma A, Yanamandra U and Nair V: Splenic infarct on exposure to extreme high altitude in individuals with sickle trait: A single-center experience. High Alt Med Biol. 20:215–220. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Tripette J, Hardy-Dessources MD, Romana M, Hue O, Diaw M, Samb A, Diop S and Connes P: Exercise-related complications in sickle cell trait. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 55:29–37. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Eichner ER: Sickle cell considerations in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 30:537–549. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Vincent L, Féasson L, Oyono-Enguéllé S, Banimbek V, Denis C, Guarneri C, Aufradet E, Monchanin G, Martin C, Gozal D, et al: Remodeling of skeletal muscle microvasculature in sickle cell trait and alpha-thalassemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 298:H375–H384. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Faёs C, Martin C, Chirico EN, Féasson L, Oyonno-Enguelle S, Dubouchaud H, Francina A, Thiriet P, Pialoux V and Messonnier L: Effect of α-thalassaemia on exercise-induced oxidative stress in sickle cell trait. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 205:541–550. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
South K and Lane DA: ADAMTS-13 and von Willebrand factor: A dynamic duo. J Thromb Haemost. 16:6–18. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ono T, Mimuro J, Madoiwa S, Soejima K, Kashiwakura Y, Ishiwata A, Takano K, Ohmori T and Sakata Y: Severe secondary deficiency of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) in patients with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: Its correlation with development of renal failure. Blood. 107:528–534. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Levi M, Scully M and Singer M: The role of ADAMTS-13 in the coagulopathy of sepsis. J Thromb Haemost. 16:646–651. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chen J and Chung DW: Inflammation, von Willebrand factor, and ADAMTS13. Blood. 132:141–147. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bernardo A, Ball C, Nolasco L, Moake JF and Dong JF: Effects of inflammatory cytokines on the release and cleavage of the endothelial cell-derived ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers under flow. Blood. 104:100–106. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wypasek E and Undas A: Protein C and protein S deficiency-practical diagnostic issues. Adv Clin Exp Med. 22:459–467. 2013.PubMed/NCBI | |
Dinarvand P and Moser KA: Protein C deficiency. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 143:1281–1285. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Padda IS, Patel P and D Citla Sridhar D: Protein S and C. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing Copyright ©. 2020, StatPearls Publishing LLC, 2020. | |
Girolami A, Cosi E, Ferrari S and Girolami B: Heparin, coumarin, protein C, antithrombin, fibrinolysis and other clotting related resistances: Old and new concepts in blood coagulation. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 45:135–141. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mirijello A, La Marca A, D'Errico MM, Curci S, Vendemiale G, Grandone E and De Cosmo S: Venous thromboembolism during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: Case report and review of the literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 24:10061–10068. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar |