Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shuangshuang Lu
    • Keyuan Zhu
    • Yongxin Guo
    • Enjing Wang
    • Jin Huang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, Gastrointestinal Center, Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 974
    |
    Published online on: July 8, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10406
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Anal fistula is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease (CD). A sufficiently suitable animal model that may be used to simulate this disease is yet to be established. The aim of the present review was to summarize the different characteristics and experimental methods of commonly used animal models of CD with anal fistula. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on the use of this type of animal model. A total of 234 related articles were retrieved, of which six articles met the inclusion criteria; these were used as references for the present review article. The characteristics of the animal models, the advantages and disadvantages of the modeling methods and the similarities with patients with CD and anal fistula were summarized and analyzed. The evidence suggests that a sufficiently suitable animal preclinical model requires to be established.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Schwartz DA, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Panaccione R, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR and Sandborn WJ: The natural history of fistulizing Crohn's disease in olmsted county, minnesota. Gastroenterology. 122:875–880. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Verstockt B, Smith KG and Lee JC: Genome-wide association studies in Crohn's disease: Past, present and future. Clin Transl Immunology. 7(e1001)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Balfour Sartor R: Bacteria in Crohn's disease: Mechanisms of inflammation and therapeutic implications. J Clin Gastroenterol. 41 (Suppl 1):S37–S43. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Balfour Sartor R: Enteric microflora in IBD: Pathogens or commensals? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 3:230–235. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Sartor RB: Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 134:577–594. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Lahat A, Assulin Y, Beer-Gabel M and Chowers Y: Endoscopic ultrasound for perianal Crohn's disease: Disease and fistula characteristics, and impact on therapy. J Crohns Colitis. 6:311–316. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Zhu P, Chen Y, Gu Y, Chen H, An X, Cheng Y, Gao Y and Yang B: Analysis of clinical characteristics of perianal Crohn's disease in a single-center. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 19:1384–1388. 2016.PubMed/NCBI(In Chinese).

8 

Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, Ghali WA, Ferris M, Chernoff G, Benchimol EI, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Barkema HW and Kaplan GG: Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 142:46–54.e42, e30. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Panés J and Rimola J: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 14:652–664. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Hellers G, Bergstrand O, Ewerth S and Holmström B: Occurrence and outcome after primary treatment of anal fistulae in Crohn's disease. Gut. 21:525–527. 1980.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Garcia-Olmo D, Herreros D, Pascual I, Pascual JA, Del-Valle E, Zorrilla J, De-La-Quintana P, Garcia-Arranz M and Pascual M: Expanded adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula: A phase II clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 52:79–86. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ryska O, Serclova Z, Mestak O, Matouskova E, Vesely P and Mrazova I: Local application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells supports the healing of fistula: Prospective randomised study on rat model of fistulising Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroentero. 52:543–550. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Bültmann O, Philipp C, Ladeburg M and Berlien HP: Creation of a caecostoma in mice as a model of an enterocutaneous fistula. Res Exp Med (Berl). 198:215–228. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Panés J, García-Olmo D, Van Assche G, Colombel JF, Reinisch W, Baumgart DC, Dignass A, Nachury M, Ferrante M, Kazemi-Shirazi L, et al: Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Lancet. 388:1281–1290. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Flacs M, Collard M, Doblas S, Zappa M, Cazals-Hatem D, Maggiori L, Panis Y, Treton X and Ogier-Denis E: Preclinical model of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 26:687–696. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Soker G, Gulek B, Yilmaz C, Kaya O, Arslan M, Dilek O, Gorur M, Kuscu F and İrkorucu O: The comparison of CT fistulography and MR imaging of perianal fistulae with surgical findings: A case-control study. Abdom Radiol (NY). 41:1474–1483. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Camoglio L, Te Velde AA, de Boer A, ten Kate FJ, Kopf M and van Deventer SJ: Hapten-induced colitis associated with maintained Th1 and inflammatory responses in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol. 30:1486–1495. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Rivera-Nieves J, Bamias G, Vidrich A, Marini M, Pizarro TT, McDuffie MJ, Moskaluk CA, Cohn SM and Cominelli F: Emergence of perianal fistulizing disease in the SAMP1/YitFc mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis. Gastroenterology. 124:972–982. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Matsumoto S, Okabe Y, Setoyama H, Takayama K, Ohtsuka J, Funahashi H, Imaoka A, Okada Y and Umesaki Y: Inflammatory bowel disease-like enteritis and caecitis in a senescence accelerated mouse P1/Yit strain. Gut. 43:71–78. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Bruckner RS, Nissim-Eliraz E, Marsiano N, Nir E, Shemesh H, Leutenegger M, Gottier C, Lang S, Spalinger MR, Leibl S, et al: Transplantation of human intestine into the mouse: A novel platform for study of inflammatory enterocutaneous fistulas. J Crohns Colitis. 13:798–806. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Savidge TC, Morey AL, Ferguson DJ, Fleming KA, Shmakov AN and Phillips AD: Human intestinal development in a severe-combined immunodeficient xenograft model. Differentiation. 58:361–371. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Scharl M, Huber N, Lang S, Fürst A, Jehle E and Rogler G: Hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition are detectable in Crohn's disease associated intestinal fibrosis. Clin Transl Med. 4(1)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Scharl M and Rogler G: Pathophysiology of fistula formation in Crohn's disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 5:205–212. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Scharl M, Frei P, Frei SM, Biedermann L, Weber A and Rogler G: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma in a patient with long-standing Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26:114–118. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Frei SM, Hemsley C, Pesch T, Lang S, Weber A, Jehle E, Rühl A, Fried M, Rogler G and Scharl M: The role for dickkopf-homolog-1 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease-associated fistulae. PLoS One. 8(e78882)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Scharl M, Weber A, Fürst A, Farkas S, Jehle E, Pesch T, Kellermeier S, Fried M and Rogler G: Potential role for SNAIL family transcription factors in the etiology of Crohn's disease-associated fistulae. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17:1907–1916. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Nissim-Eliraz E, Nir E, Shoval I, Marsiano N, Nissan I, Shemesh H, Nagy N, Goldstein AM, Gutnick M, Rosenshine I, et al: Type three secretion system-dependent microvascular thrombosis and ischemic enteritis in human gut xenografts infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 85:e00558–17. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Demeyer A, Van Nuffel E, Baudelet G, Driege Y, Kreike M, Muyllaert D, Staal J and Beyaert R: MALT1-deficient mice develop atopic-like dermatitis upon aging. Front Immunol. 10(2330)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Peintner L, Venkatraman A, Waeldin A, Hofherr A, Busch T, Voronov A, Viau A, Kuehn EW, Köttgen M and Borner C: Loss of PKD1/polycystin-1 impairs lysosomal activity in a CAPN (calpain)-dependent manner. Autophagy. 1–17. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Dryden GW, Boland E, Yajnik V and Williams S: Comparison of stromal vascular fraction with or without a novel bioscaffold to fibrin glue in a porcine model of mechanically induced anorectal fistula. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 23:1962–1971. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Buchanan GN, Sibbons P, Osborn M, Bartram CI, Ansari T, Halligan S and Cohen CR: Experimental model of fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 48:353–356. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Rehg KL, Sanchez JE, Krieger BR and Marcet JE: Fecal diversion in perirectal fistulizing Crohn's disease is an underutilized and potentially temporary means of successful treatment. Am Surg. 75:715–718. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Galandiuk S, Kimberling J, Al-Mishlab TG and Stromberg AJ: Perianal Crohn disease: Predictors of need for permanent diversion. Ann Surg. 241:796–801. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

A Ba-Bai-Ke-Re MM, Chen H, Liu X and Wang YH: Experimental porcine model of complex fistula-in-ano. World J Gastroentero. 23:1828–1835. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Radefeld K, Papp S, Havlicek V, Morrell JM, Brem G and Besenfelder U: Endoscopy-mediated intratubal insemination in the cow-development of a novel minimally invasive AI technique. Theriogenology. 115:117–123. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Sobel DS: Upper respiratory tract endoscopy in the cat: A minimally invasive approach to diagnostics and therapeutics. J Feline Med Surg. 15:1007–1017. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Salavati M, Pérez-Accino J, Tan YL, Liuti T, Smith S, Morrison L and Salavati Schmitz S: Correlation of minimally invasive imaging techniques to assess intestinal mucosal perfusion with established markers of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 35:162–171. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Ferrer L, Kimbrel EA, Lam A, Falk EB, Zewe C, Juopperi T, Lanza R and Hoffman A: Treatment of perianal fistulas with human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A canine model of human fistulizing Crohn's disease. Regen Med. 11:33–43. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

House AK, Gregory SP and Catchpole B: Pattern-recognition receptor mRNA expression and function in canine monocyte/macrophages and relevance to canine anal furunuclosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 124:230–240. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Massey J, Short AD, Catchpole B, House A, Day MJ, Lohi H, Ollier WE and Kennedy LJ: Genetics of canine anal furunculosis in the German shepherd dog. Immunogenetics. 66:311–324. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Patterson AP and Campbell KL: Managing anal furunculosis in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 27:339–355. 2005.

42 

Sandborn WJ, Fazio VW, Feagan BG and Hanauer SB: American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Committee. AGA technical review on perianal Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 125:1508–1530. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Parks AG, Gordon PH and Hardcastle JD: A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg. 63:1–12. 1976.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Kirkegaard T, Hansen A, Bruun E and Brynskov J: Expression and localisation of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease. Gut. 53:701–709. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Seow-Choen F, Hay AJ, Heard S and Phillips RK: Bacteriology of anal fistulae. Br J Surg. 79:27–28. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Mazzoni M, Caremoli F, Cabanillas L, de Los Santos J, Million M, Larauche M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R and Sternini C: Quantitative analysis of enteric neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivities in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon. Cell Tissue Res. 383:645–654. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Zhang Y, Li F, Wang H, Yin C, Huang J, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS and Hu W: Immune/Inflammatory response and hypocontractility of rabbit colonic smooth muscle After TNBS-induced colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 61:1925–1940. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Murai K, Hamamoto S, Okuma T, Kageyama K, Yamamoto A, Ogawa S, Nota T, Sohgawa E, Jogo A and Miki Y: Survival benefit of radiofrequency ablation with intratumoral cisplatin administration in a rabbit VX2 lung tumor model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 44:475–481. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Schilling AL, Moore J, Kulahci Y, Little SR, Rigatti LH, Wang EW and Lee SE: Evaluating inflammation in an obstruction-based chronic rhinosinusitis model in rabbits. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 11:807–809. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Boissady E, Kohlhauer M, Lidouren F, Hocini H, Lefebvre C, Chateau-Jouber S, Mongardon N, Deye N, Cariou A, Micheau P, et al: Ultrafast hypothermia selectively mitigates the early humoral response after cardiac arrest. J Am Heart Assoc. 9(e017413)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Huang J, Shuang J, Xiong G, Wang X, Zhang Y, Tang X, Fan Z, Shen Y, Song H and Liu Z: Establishing a rabbit model of malignant esophagostenosis using the endoscopic implantation technique for studies on stent innovation. J Transl Med. 12(40)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Hashikawa Y, Hayashi R, Tajima M, Okubo T, Azuma S, Kuwamura M, Takai N, Osada Y, Kunihiro Y, Mashimo T and Nishida K: Generation of knockout rabbits with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep. 10(9957)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Song J, Wang G, Hoenerhoff MJ, Ruan J, Yang D, Zhang J, Yang J, Lester PA, Sigler R, Bradley M, et al: Bacterial and pneumocystis infections in the lungs of gene-knockout rabbits with severe combined immunodeficiency. Front Immunol. 9(429)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lu S, Zhu K, Guo Y, Wang E and Huang J: Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 974, 2021.
APA
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., & Huang, J. (2021). Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 974. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10406
MLA
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., Huang, J."Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 974.
Chicago
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., Huang, J."Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 974. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10406
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lu S, Zhu K, Guo Y, Wang E and Huang J: Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 974, 2021.
APA
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., & Huang, J. (2021). Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 974. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10406
MLA
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., Huang, J."Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 974.
Chicago
Lu, S., Zhu, K., Guo, Y., Wang, E., Huang, J."Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 974. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10406
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team