Future perspectives in diabesity treatment: Semaglutide, a glucagon‑like peptide 1 receptor agonist (Review)

Tilinca,Mariana Cornelia; Tiuca,Robert Aurelian; Niculas,Cristina; Varga,Andreea; Tilea,Ioan

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10601

Future perspectives in diabesity treatment: Semaglutide, a glucagon‑like peptide 1 receptor agonist (Review)

Authors:
- Mariana Cornelia Tilinca
- Robert Aurelian Tiuca
- Cristina Niculas
- Andreea Varga
- Ioan Tilea
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Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania, Department of Endocrinology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania, Richter Pharmacy 7, 400129 Cluj Napoca, Romania, Department of Family Medicine, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
Published online on: August 12, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10601
Article Number: 1167
Copyright: © Tilinca et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Given their endemic prevalence in the past decades, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have become a major sanitary burden with an important economic impact. Novel treatment options have been designed with the aim of reducing the numerous complications associated with these metabolic disorders, as well as reducing morbidity and mortality and improving the quality of life of those who suffer from these disorders. Glucagon‑like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1 RAs) are among the most modern therapeutics that target ‘diabesity’, a term used to describe the pathophysiological link between obesity and T2DM. Their glucose‑lowering effects are mainly attributed to glucose‑dependent insulin secretion, glucagon inhibition and decreased gastric emptying. Given the effects on the central nervous system, GLP‑1 RA usage may lead to body weight reduction. GLP‑1 RAs are classified based on their pharmacokinetic properties as short‑ and long‑acting agents, with both types being administered by subcutaneous injection. The latest agent from this drug class approved for use in T2DM is semaglutide, a long‑acting compound that is the only GLP‑1 RA available as an oral pill. The present narrative review highlights the most recently published data on the effects and safety of semaglutide in diabetic obesity, also emphasizing its cardiovascular benefits and potential side effects. In addition, an overview of the role of semaglutide in the treatment of non‑diabetic obesity is provided.11

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