Open Access

Killer‑cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor/human leukocyte antigen‑C combination and ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xiuhua Yang
    • Tao Meng
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 13, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10612
  • Article Number: 1178
  • Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), pre‑eclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm delivery are examples of ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (GOS). Placental dysfunction is the most common pathogenesis of GOS. In human pregnancies, the effects of uterine natural killer cells involve angiogenesis, promoting the remodeling of uterine spiral artery, and improving the invasion of trophoblast cells. The uNK cells supply killer immunoglobulin‑like receptors (KIRs), which come into contact with human leukocyte antigen‑C (HLA‑C) ligands expressed by extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs). Numerous studies have investigated the association between GOS and KIR/HLA‑C combination. However, the outcomes have not been conclusive. The present review aimed to reveal the association between GOS and KIR/HLA‑C combination to screen out high‑risk pregnancies, strengthen the treatment of pregnancy complications, and reduce the frequency of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It has been reported that a female with a KIR AA genotype and a neonate with a paternal HLA‑C2 molecule is more prone to develop GOS and have a small fetus since less cytokines were secreted by uNK cells. Conversely, the combination of KIR BB haplotype (including the activating KIR2DS1) and HLA‑C2 can induce the production of cytokines and increase trophoblast invasion, leading to the birth of a large fetus. KIR/HLA‑C combinations may be applicable in selecting third‑party gametes or surrogates. Detection of maternal KIR genes and HLA‑C molecules from the couple could serve as useful markers for predicting and diagnosing GOS.
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October-2021
Volume 22 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Yang X and Yang X: Killer‑cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor/human leukocyte antigen‑C combination and ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 1178, 2021
APA
Yang, X., & Yang, X. (2021). Killer‑cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor/human leukocyte antigen‑C combination and ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10612
MLA
Yang, X., Meng, T."Killer‑cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor/human leukocyte antigen‑C combination and ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.4 (2021): 1178.
Chicago
Yang, X., Meng, T."Killer‑cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor/human leukocyte antigen‑C combination and ‘great obstetrical syndromes’ (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 4 (2021): 1178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10612