Renal tumor biomarkers (Review)

Bratu,Ovidiu; Mischianu,Dan; Marcu,Dragos; Spinu,Dan; Iorga,Lucian; Cherciu,Alexandru; Balescu,Irina; Bacalbasa,Nicolae; Diaconu,Camelia; Savu,Cornel; Savu,Carmen; Anghel,Radu

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10732

Renal tumor biomarkers (Review)

Authors:
- Ovidiu Bratu
- Dan Mischianu
- Dragos Marcu
- Dan Spinu
- Lucian Iorga
- Alexandru Cherciu
- Irina Balescu
- Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Camelia Diaconu
- Cornel Savu
- Carmen Savu
- Radu Anghel
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Affiliations: Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Visceral Surgery, ‘Ponderas’ Academic Hospital, 021188 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Thoracic Surgery, ‘Marius Nasta’ National Institute of Pneumophtisiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Anesthesiology, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: September 14, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10732
Article Number: 1297

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Abstract

One of the most common types of cancer worldwide (9th most commonly diagnosed) is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is more common in developed countries and it usually develops in individuals between 60 and 70 years of age. The earlier the disease is identified, the lower the morbidity. Therefore molecular markers that exist in blood and urine may be used for earlier detection and diagnosis but also for the follow‑up of the patient after treatment, whether surgical or oncological. The trend is to analyze the gene and protein expression as they constitute a source for new biomarkers. These markers are promising but in clinical practice regarding disease management, they are rarely used. Biological markers can be employed in many tumors because they can identify the prognostic value for individual treatment. However, markers for RCC are not validated, and their analysis is currently under investigation. Previous findings have demonstrated that the metastatic potential of RCC can be predicted using the biological features of the tumor cell. It is believed that the transformation from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype gives the tumor cell the ability to metastasize. The purpose of this review was to identify the most valuable tumor markers that can be clinically used for the prognosis, treatment and follow‑up of patients with renal tumors.

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