|
1
|
Wang Y and Smith TJ: Current concepts in
the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 55:1735–1748. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
2
|
Muñoz-Ortiz J, Sierra-Cote MC,
Zapata-Bravo E, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Marin-Noriega MA, Uribe-Reina
P, Terreros-Dorado JP, Gómez-Suarez M, Arteaga-Rivera K and
de-la-Torre A: Prevalence of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and
euthyroidism in thyroid eye disease: A systematic review of the
literature. Syst Rev. 9(201)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
3
|
Jang SY, Lee SY, Lee EJ and Yoon JS:
Clinical features of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in
clinically euthyroid Korean patients. Eye (Lond). 26:1263–1269.
2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
4
|
Boddu N, Jumani M, Wadhwa V, Bajaj G and
Faas F: Not all orbitopathy is Graves': Discussion of cases and
review of literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
8(184)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
5
|
Termote K, Decallonne B and Mombaerts I:
The influence of prior hyperthyroidism on euthyroid graves'
ophthalmopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2014(426898)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
6
|
Peter SA: Euthyroid Graves' disease.
Report of a case observed over a 12-year period. Am J Med.
80:1197–1198. 1986.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
7
|
Bhatnagar A, Tsirbas A, Douglas RS,
Goldberg RA and Hoyama E: Graves' orbitopathy. Ophthalmology.
114:392.e1–e2. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
8
|
Kavoussi SC, Giacometti JN, Javier Servat
JJ and Levin F: The relationship between sex and symmetry in
thyroid eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol. 8:1295–1300. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
9
|
Bartalena L and Piantanida E: Cigarette
smoking: Number one enemy for Graves ophthalmopathy. Pol Arch Med
Wewn. 126:725–726. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
10
|
Takasu N, Oshiro C, Akamine H, Komiya I,
Nagata A, Sato Y, Yoshimura H and Ito K: Thyroid-stimulating
antibody and TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin in 277 Graves'
patients and in 686 normal subjects. J Endocrinol Invest.
20:452–461. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
11
|
Gerding MN, Van Der Meer JW, Broenink M,
Bakker O, Wiersinga WM and Prummel MF: Association of thyrotrophin
receptor antibodies with the clinical features of Graves'
ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 52:267–271. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
12
|
Inoue D, Sato K, Maeda M, Inoko H, Tsuji
K, Mori T and Imura H: Genetic differences shown by HLA typing
among Japanese patients with euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy,
Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Genetic
characteristics of euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin
Endocrinol (Oxf). 34:57–62. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
13
|
Ardley M, McCorquodale T, Lahooti H,
Champion B and Wall JR: Eye findings and immunological markers in
probands and their euthyroid relatives from a single family with
multiple cases of thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid Res.
5(4)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
14
|
Khoo TK and Bahn RS: Pathogenesis of
Graves' ophthalmopathy: The role of autoantibodies. Thyroid.
17:1013–1018. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
15
|
Stan MN, Garrity JA and Bahn RS: The
evaluation and treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy. Med Clin North
Am. 96:311–328. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
16
|
Wakelkamp IM, Bakker O, Baldeschi L,
Wiersinga WM and Prummel MF: TSH-R expression and cytokine profile
in orbital tissue of active vs inactive Graves' ophthalmopathy
patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 58:280–287. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
17
|
Gopinath B, Musselman R, Beard N,
El-Kaissi S, Tani J, Adams CL and Wall JR: Antibodies targeting the
calcium binding skeletal muscle protein calsequestrin are specific
markers of ophthalmopathy and sensitive indicators of ocular
myopathy in patients with Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol.
145:56–62. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
18
|
Krishnan VM, Baba D, Kumar KR and
Venkatesh P: Case report a case of unilateral euthyroid Graves'
disease. Sch J App Med Sci. 3:2534–2536. 2015.
|
|
19
|
Kotwal A and Stan M: Thyrotropin receptor
antibodies-an overview. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 34 (Suppl
1):S20–S27. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
20
|
Bartley GB and Gorman CA: Diagnostic
criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 119:792–795.
1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
21
|
Bartley G: Rundle and His Curve. Arch
Ophthalmol. 129:356–358. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
22
|
Marinò M, Barbesino G, Pinchera A, Manetti
L, Ricciardi R, Rossi B, Muratorio A, Braverman LE, Mariotti S and
Chiovato L: Increased frequency of euthyroid ophthalmopathy in
patients with Graves' disease associated with myasthenia gravis.
Thyroid. 10:799–802. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
23
|
Komoto N, Kozaki A, Yu F, Inoue R, Maeda
T, Inoue T and Inoue Y: Clinical feature of euthyroid Graves'
ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 49(5250)2008.
|
|
24
|
Eckstein AK, Lösch C, Glowacka D, Schott
M, Mann K, Esser J and Morgenthaler NG: Euthyroid and primarily
hypothyroid patients develop milder and significantly more
asymmetrical Graves ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 93:1052–1056.
2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
25
|
Wiersinga WM, Smit T, van der Gaag R and
Koornneef L: Temporal relationship between onset of Graves'
ophthalmopathy and onset of thyroidal Graves' disease. J Endocrinol
Invest. 11:615–619. 1988.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
26
|
Cakir M: Euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy
with negative autoantibodies. J Natl Med Assoc. 97:1547–1549.
2005.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Hegedüs L, Bonnema SJ, Smith TJ and Brix
TH: Treating the thyroid in the presence of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 26:313–324. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
28
|
Khoo DH, Eng PH, Ho SC, Tai ES,
Morgenthaler NG, Seah LL, Fong KS, Chee SP, Choo CT and Aw SE:
Graves' ophthalmopathy in the absence of elevated free thyroxine
and triiodothyronine levels: Prevalence, natural history, and
thyrotropin receptor antibody levels. Thyroid. 10:1093–1100.
2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
29
|
Watanabe M, Iwatani Y, Kashiwai T, Iijima
T, Fujikado T and Amino N: Euthyroid Graves' disease showing no
thyroid abnormalities except positive thyroid-sstimulating antibody
(TSAb): Two case reports. J Intern Med. 238:379–384.
1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
30
|
Tanaka K, Nomura T, Ohta Y, et al: A case
of euthyroid Graves disease which developed into Graves disease
with thyrotoxicosis after subacute thyroiditis. The
Endocrinologist. 19:124–125. 2009.
|
|
31
|
Majumder A and Chatterjee S: Euthyroid
Graves' ophthalmopathy patients remaining stable on more than 20
months follow up-a report of 9 patients. Hot Thyroidol. 2019.
|
|
32
|
Hotta A, Tanaka T, Kato H, Kakoi S,
Shimizu Y, Hasegawa C, Hayakawa A, Yasuda S, Ogawa K, Ito S, et al:
A case of euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy in a patient
sero-negative for TSH receptor autoantibody. Case Rep Endocrinol.
2018(1707959)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
33
|
Tabasum A, Khan I, Taylor P, Das G and
Okosieme OE: Thyroid antibody-negative euthyroid Graves'
ophthalmopathy. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep.
2016(160008)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
34
|
Shah Y: Thyroid ophthalmopathy. J Assoc
Physicians India. 59 (Suppl 1):S60–S65. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Arslan E, Yavaşoǧlu I, Çildaǧ BM and
Kocatürk T: Unilateral optic neuropathy as the initial
manifestation of euthyroid Graves' disease. Intern Med.
48:1993–1994. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
36
|
Lee YC, Chang FL and Tsai RK: Intravenous
pulse corticosteroid therapy in euthyroid optic neuropathy: A case
report. Neuro Ophthalmol. 36:143–145. 2012.
|
|
37
|
Kitaguchi Y, Ishihara K and Nishida K:
Spontaneous resolution of euthyroid optic neuropathy. Can J
Ophthalmol. 54:e188–e192. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
38
|
Dickinson AJ and Perros P: Controversies
in the clinical evaluation of active thyroid-associated
orbitopathy: Use of a detailed protocol with comparative
photographs for objective assessment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).
55:283–303. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
39
|
Kakizaki H, Zako M and Iwaki M:
Thyroid-associated inferior oblique myopathy. Ophthalmology.
114(2106)2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
40
|
Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K,
Eckstein A, Kahaly GJ, Marcocci C, Perros P, Salvi M and Wiersinga
WM: European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). The 2016
European thyroid association/European group on Graves' orbitopathy
guidelines for the management of Graves' orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid
J. 5:9–26. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41
|
Wawhal M, Mogal V, Patil P, Ahire P and
Yadav S: Euthyroid ophthalmopathy: A rare case report and a brief
review of literature. Int J Sci Res. 4:529–532. 2015.
|
|
42
|
Ursu HI, Hortopan D, Podia-Igna C,
Vizireanu A, Harsan T, Dumitriu L and Alexandrescu D: Late onset
Graves' thyrotoxicosis in a patient with 18 years history of
euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy. Acta Endo (Buc). 1:227–232.
2005.
|
|
43
|
Sarkar PK, Sarkar P, Acharjee U, Halder S,
Sarkar S and Noatia C: Graves ophthalmopathy in a euthyroid
patient-a rare case report. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 3:7150–7155.
2014.
|
|
44
|
Khan AA, Mahmoud Muammar AR and Kamal I: A
case of unilateral exophthalmos due to thyroid orbitopathy in a
clinically euthyroid patient. World J Res Rev. 9:1–3. 2019.
|
|
45
|
Suzuki N, Noh JY, Kameda T, Yoshihara A,
Ohye H, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Kunii Y, Iwaku K, Watanabe N, et al:
Clinical course of thyroid function and thyroid
associated-ophthalmopathy in patients with euthyroid Graves'
disease. Clin Ophthalmol. 12:739–746. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
46
|
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, Sile S,
Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, Fleming JC, Fowler BT, Marcocci C, Marinò
M, et al: Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye
disease. N Engl J Med. 382:341–352. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
47
|
Stan MN, Garrity JA, Carranza Leon BG,
Prabin T, Bradley EA and Bahn RS: Randomized controlled trial of
rituximab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 100:432–441. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
48
|
Hodgson NM and Rajaii F: Current
understanding of the progression and management of thyroid
associated orbitopathy: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther.
9:21–33. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
