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Review Open Access

Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Wei Huang
    • Konstantinos Tourmouzis
    • Henry Perry
    • Robert A. Honkanen
    • Basil Rigas
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, E1 2AD London, UK, Ophthalomology Consultants of Long Island, Westbury, NY 11590, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1394
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    Published online on: October 1, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10830
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Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED), which is a prevalent disease that still lacks successful treatment options, remains a major challenge in ophthalmology. Multiple animal models of DED have been used to decipher its pathophysiology and to develop novel treatments. These models use mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and non‑human primates. Each model assesses aspects of DED by focusing on elements of the lacrimal functional unit, which controls the homeostasis of the tear film. The present review outlines representative DED animal models and assesses their contribution to the study of DED. Murine models are the most extensively used, followed by rabbit models; the latter offer the advantage of larger eyes, a favorable biochemical profile for drug studies, experimental ease and relatively low cost, contrasting with non‑human primates, which, although closer to humans, are not as accessible and are expensive. No comprehensive ‘ideal’ animal model encompassing all aspects of human DED exists nor is it feasible. Investigators often choose an animal model based on their experimental needs and the following four features of a given model: The size of the eye, its biochemical composition, the available research reagents and cost. As research efforts in DED expand, more refined animal models are needed to supplement the enormous contribution made to date by existing models.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang W, Tourmouzis K, Perry H, Honkanen RA and Rigas B: Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 1394, 2021.
APA
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R.A., & Rigas, B. (2021). Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1394. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10830
MLA
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R. A., Rigas, B."Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1394.
Chicago
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R. A., Rigas, B."Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1394. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10830
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang W, Tourmouzis K, Perry H, Honkanen RA and Rigas B: Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 1394, 2021.
APA
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R.A., & Rigas, B. (2021). Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1394. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10830
MLA
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R. A., Rigas, B."Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1394.
Chicago
Huang, W., Tourmouzis, K., Perry, H., Honkanen, R. A., Rigas, B."Animal models of dry eye disease: Useful, varied and evolving (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1394. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10830
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