Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2021 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article

Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats

  • Authors:
    • Jian-Tao Liu
    • Shuo-Yu Wang
    • Han-Ping Xiao
    • Bing Gu
    • Hua-Nan Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P.R. China, Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 1413
    |
    Published online on: October 8, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10849
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Methylprednisolone (MP) is widely used to treat clinical spinal cord injury (SCI). Treadmill training is also considered an important treatment after SCI to improve motor function in patients, resulting in an evident improvement. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate and contrast the effects of MP and treadmill training administered in combination or alone after SCI in adult rats. A rat spinal cord T10 contusion model was induced in Sprague‑Dawley rats using an impact device. A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups (n=10 rats/group): the MP, MP + treadmill training, SCI and sham group. At 30 min after injury, MP sodium succinate was injected into the rats of the MP and MP + treadmill training groups. Treadmill training began on the second week post‑trauma and was performed for 8 weeks. The results showed that MP therapy combined with treadmill training significantly ameliorated several parameters of hind limb function compared with those by MP treatment alone (all P<0.05). A significantly reduced immunopositive area of Nogo receptor and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and reduced relative expression of these mRNAs were found in the MP + treadmill training group (P<0.05) compared with the findings in the MP group. In conclusion, the present study indicated that combined MP and treadmill training treatment improved the recovery of hind limb function in rats with SCI, thus potentially representing a promising strategy to cure SCI.
View Figures
View References

1 

Selfslagh A, Shokur S, Campos DSF, Donati ARC, Almeida S, Yamauti SY, Coelho DB, Bouri M and Nicolelis MAL: Non-invasive, brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation for locomotion rehabilitation in individuals with paraplegia. Sci Rep. 9(6782)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Silvestro S, Bramanti P, Trubiani O and Mazzon E: Stem cells therapy for spinal cord injury: An overview of clinical trials. Int J Mol Sci. 21(659)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Chen XG, Chen LH, Xu RX and Zhang HT: Effect evaluation of methylprednisolone plus mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 on spinal cord injury rats. Childs Nerv Syst. 34:1479–1487. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Ahuja CS, Wilson JR, Nori S, Kotter MRN, Druschel C, Curt A and Fehlings MG: Traumatic spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 3(17018)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Bowers CA, Kundu B and Hawryluk GW: Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: An increasingly philosophical debate. Neural Regen Res. 11:882–885. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Park SH and Cho KH: Large-dose glucocorticoid induced secondary adrenal insufficiency in spinal cord injury. Ann Rehabil Med. 40:1033–1039. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Sunshine JE, Dagal A, Burns SP, Bransford RJ, Zhang F, Newman SF, Nair BG and Sharar SR: Methylprednisolone therapy in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: Analysis of a regional spinal cord model systems database. Anesth Analg. 124:1200–1205. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Li XG, Lin XJ, Du JH, Xu SZ, Lou XF and Chen Z: Combination of methylprednisolone and rosiglitazone promotes recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 11:1678–1684. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Mbori NJ, Chuan XY, Feng QX, Alizada M and Zhan J: Evaluation of the combination of methylprednisolone and tranilast after spinal cord injury in rat models. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 59:334–340. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Yao NW, Lu Y, Shi LQ, Xu F and Cai XH: Neuroprotective effect of combining tanshinone IIA with low-dose methylprednisolone following acute spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Ther Med. 13:2193–2202. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Karsy M and Hawryluk G: Pharmacologic management of acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 28:49–62. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Chang YX, Zhao Y, Pan S, Qi ZP, Kong WJ, Pan YR, Li HR and Yang XY: Intramuscular injection of adenoassociated virus encoding human neurotrophic factor 3 and exercise intervention contribute to reduce spasms after spinal cord injury. Neural Plast. 2019(3017678)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Chen K, Marsh BC, Cowan M, Al'Joboori YD, Gigout S, Smith CC, Messenger N, Gamper N, Schwab ME and Ichiyama RM: Sequential therapy of anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment and treadmill training leads to cumulative improvements after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol. 292:135–144. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Harnie J, Doelman A, de Vette E, Audet J, Desrochers E, Gaudreault N and Frigon A: The recovery of standing and locomotion after spinal cord injury does not require task-specific training. Elife. 8(e50134)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Martinez SA, Nguyen ND, Bailey E, Doyle-Green D, Hauser HA, Handrakis JP, Knezevic S, Marett C, Weinman J, Romero AF, et al: Multimodal cortical and subcortical exercise compared with treadmill training for spinal cord injury. PLoS One. 13(e0202130)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Younsi A, Zheng G, Scherer M, Riemann L, Zhang H, Tail M, Hatami M, Skutella T, Unterberg A and Zweckberger K: Treadmill training improves survival and differentiation of transplanted neural precursor cells after cervical spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res. 45(101812)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Yao Y, Xu J, Yu T, Chen Z, Xiao Z, Wang J, Hu Y, Wu Y and Zhu D: Flufenamic acid inhibits secondary hemorrhage and BSCB disruption after spinal cord injury. Theranostics. 8:4181–4198. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Sekine Y, Siegel CS, Sekine-Konno T, Cafferty WBJ and Strittmatter SM: The nociceptin receptor inhibits axonal regeneration and recovery from spinal cord injury. Sci Signal. 11(eaao4180)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Hirokawa T and Takei K: Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) protein, an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist, converts a non-permissive to permissive brain environment for axonal regrowth. Neural Regen Res. 13:1193–1194. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Wu D, Jin Y, Shapiro TM, Hinduja A, Baas PW and Tom VJ: Chronic neuronal activation increases dynamic microtubules to enhance functional axon regeneration after dorsal root crush injury. Nat Commun. 11(6131)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Xu B, Park D, Ohtake Y, Li H, Hayat U, Liu J, Selzer ME, Longo FM and Li S: Role of CSPG receptor LAR phosphatase in restricting axon regeneration after CNS injury. Neurobiol Dis. 73:36–48. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Wu D, Klaw MC, Connors T, Kholodilov N, Burke RE and Tom VJ: Expressing constitutively active Rheb in adult neurons after a complete spinal cord injury enhances axonal regeneration beyond a chondroitinase-treated glial scar. J Neurosci. 35:11068–11080. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Battistuzzo CR, Rank MM, Flynn JR, Morgan DL, Callister R, Callister RJ and Galea MP: Effects of treadmill training on hindlimb muscles of spinal cord-injured mice. Muscle Nerve. 55:232–242. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

National Research Council (US) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academies Press, Washington (DC), 1996.

25 

Gu B, Jin JB and Li HN: Establishment of traumatic spinal cord injury model in rats. Chin J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 16(8)2011.(In Chinese).

26 

Zhang S, Gu B, Wang SY, Li HN, Zhang GF and Zhang SY: Application of treadscan gait analysis system in the evaluation of rat spinal cord contusion model. Acta Neuropharmacologica. 2(3)2012.(In Chinese).

27 

Zong H, Li X, Lin H, Hou C and Ma F: Lipoxin A4 pretreatment mitigates skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Am J Transl Res. 9:1139–1150. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Yang G, Yang Y, Tang H and Yang K: Loss of the clock gene Per1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer Sci. 111:1542–1554. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Liu JT, Zhang S, Gu B, Li HN, Wang SY and Zhang SY: Methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone for the recovery of motor function and differential gene expression in rats with spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 12:1507–1518. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Liu J, Zhu L, Zhang S, Deng Z, Huang Z, Yuan M, Wu W and Yang K: The autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ac110 gene encodes a new per os infectivity factor. Virus Res. 221:30–37. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Fischer I, Dulin JN and Lane MA: Transplanting neural progenitor cells to restore connectivity after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci. 21:366–383. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Li J, Polston KFL, Eraslan M, Bickel CS, Windham ST, McLain AB, Oster RA, Bamman MM and Yarar-Fisher C: A high-protein diet or combination exercise training to improve metabolic health in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury: A pilot randomized study. Physiol Rep. 6(e13813)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

West CR, Campbell IG, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Mason BS and Romer LM: Effects of abdominal binding on field-based exercise responses in paralympic athletes with cervical spinal cord injury. J Sci Med Sport. 17:351–355. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Gonzenbach RR, Gasser P, Zorner B, Hochreutener E, Dietz V and Schwab ME: Nogo-A antibodies and training reduce muscle spasms in spinal cord-injured rats. Ann Neurol. 68:48–57. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Kim HN, Pak ME, Shin MJ, Kim SY, Shin YB, Yun YJ, Shin HK and Choi BT: Comparative analysis of the beneficial effects of treadmill training and electroacupuncture in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Int J Mol Med. 39:1393–1402. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Heng C and de Leon RD: Treadmill training enhances the recovery of normal stepping patterns in spinal cord contused rats. Exp Neurol. 216:139–147. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Wang H, Liu NK, Zhang YP, Deng L, Lu QB, Shields CB, Walker MJ, Li J and Xu XM: Treadmill training induced lumbar motoneuron dendritic plasticity and behavior recovery in adult rats after a thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 271:368–378. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Beare JE, Morehouse JR, DeVries WH, Enzmann GU, Burke DA, Magnuson DS and Whittemore SR: Gait analysis in normal and spinal contused mice using the TreadScan system. J Neurotrauma. 26:2045–2056. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

McMackin MZ, Henderson CK and Cortopassi GA: Neurobehavioral deficits in the KIKO mouse model of Friedreich's ataxia. Behav Brain Res. 316:183–188. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Wang XJ, Peng CH, Zhang S, Xu XL, Shu GF, Qi J, Zhu YF, Xu DM, Kang XQ, Lu KJ, et al: Polysialic-acid-based micelles promote neural regeneration in spinal cord injury therapy. Nano Lett. 19:829–838. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Yao S, Yu S, Cao Z, Yang Y, Yu X, Mao HQ, Wang LN, Sun X, Zhao L and Wang X: Hierarchically aligned fibrin nanofiber hydrogel accelerated axonal regrowth and locomotor function recovery in rat spinal cord injury. Int J Nanomedicine. 13:2883–2895. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Goulão M, Ghosh B, Urban MW, Sahu M, Mercogliano C, Charsar BA, Komaravolu S, Block CG, Smith GM, Wright MC and Lepore AC: Astrocyte progenitor transplantation promotes regeneration of bulbospinal respiratory axons, recovery of diaphragm function, and a reduced macrophage response following cervical spinal cord injury. Glia. 67:452–466. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Bradbury EJ and Carter LM: Manipulating the glial scar: Chondroitinase ABC as a therapy for spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull. 84:306–316. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Mukherjee N, Nandi S, Garg S and Ghosh S and Ghosh S, Samat R and Ghosh S: Targeting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: An emerging therapeutic strategy to treat CNS injury. ACS Chem Neurosci. 11:231–232. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu J, Wang S, Xiao H, Gu B and Li H: Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats. Exp Ther Med 22: 1413, 2021.
APA
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., & Li, H. (2021). Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1413. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10849
MLA
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., Li, H."Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1413.
Chicago
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., Li, H."Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1413. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10849
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu J, Wang S, Xiao H, Gu B and Li H: Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats. Exp Ther Med 22: 1413, 2021.
APA
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., & Li, H. (2021). Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1413. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10849
MLA
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., Li, H."Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.6 (2021): 1413.
Chicago
Liu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, H., Gu, B., Li, H."Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 6 (2021): 1413. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10849
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team