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Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Alexandra Tudor
    • Antonia Ioana Vasile
    • Simona Corina Trifu
    • Mihai Bogdan Cristea
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania, Department of General Medicine, Medical Military Institute, 010919 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Morphological Sciences, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
  • Article Number: 33
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    Published online on: November 9, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10955
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Abstract

The progressive functional decline that involves both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic to dementia is one of the leading research topics. The risk for dementia is an intertwined mix between aging, genetic risk factors, and environmental influences. APOEε4, which is one of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles, is the major genetic risk factor for late‑onset of the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's. Advances in machine learning have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to help diagnose dementia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to detect it in the preclinical stage. The basis of the determinations starts from the morphometry of cerebral atrophies. The present review focused on MRI techniques which are a leading tool in identifying cortical atrophy, white matter dysfunctionalities, cerebral vessel quality (as a factor for cognitive impairment) and metabolic asymmetries. In addition, a brief overview of Alzheimer's disease was presented and recent neuroimaging in the field of dementia with an emphasis on structural MR imaging and more powerful methods such as diffusion tensor imaging, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and magnetic transfer imaging were explored in order to propose a simple systematic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tudor A, Vasile AI, Trifu SC and Cristea MB: Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 33, 2022.
APA
Tudor, A., Vasile, A.I., Trifu, S.C., & Cristea, M.B. (2022). Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10955
MLA
Tudor, A., Vasile, A. I., Trifu, S. C., Cristea, M. B."Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.1 (2022): 33.
Chicago
Tudor, A., Vasile, A. I., Trifu, S. C., Cristea, M. B."Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 1 (2022): 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10955
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Tudor A, Vasile AI, Trifu SC and Cristea MB: Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 33, 2022.
APA
Tudor, A., Vasile, A.I., Trifu, S.C., & Cristea, M.B. (2022). Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10955
MLA
Tudor, A., Vasile, A. I., Trifu, S. C., Cristea, M. B."Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.1 (2022): 33.
Chicago
Tudor, A., Vasile, A. I., Trifu, S. C., Cristea, M. B."Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 1 (2022): 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10955
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